Into Unscientific Chapter 668

 At this moment.

Looking at the big, lively rooster in front of him, Xu Yun's expression suddenly became a little inexplicable.

 It is well known.

 On August 6 and 9, 1945.

Neon people who are rich in craftsman spirit have verified an irrefutable truth with their lives:

 In the central area of ​​​​the nuclear explosion, no life, or animals to be precise, can survive smoothly.

 For this they paid the price that Hiroshima and Nagasaki still have no century-old stores, which is tearful.JPG.

This principle has become an iron rule after being auxiliaryly verified by the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents—unless you are a legendary sports student.

Although the amount of radiation from the nuclear bomb in this experiment was not large, as the distance increased, the magnitude of the radiation rays was still very considerable.

  In other words.

 This chicken is likely to be the first animal in human history to survive the radiation of a close-range nuclear explosion.

And judging from its current blood test results, this chicken is probably not the kind that will suddenly belch after a while.

 While Xu Yun was thinking.

 Suddenly Lu Guangda's voice sounded in his ears:

“Xiao Xu, what do you think? Is this chicken's condition common or rare?”

Xu Yun was startled for a moment, but he quickly understood what Lu Guangda meant:

 Lu Guangda was asking him if there were any relevant theories or cases in later generations that could explain this phenomenon.

 So he quickly shook his head and said:

“Director Lu, I am not exaggerating. This is not an uncommon thing anymore.”

“This kind of case is absolutely unique. It has not happened in the past and there is probably no chance of seeing it in the next few decades.”

 Hear this.

Lu Guangda's pupils suddenly shrank invisibly, and he blurted out:

“Xiao Xu, is it possible that you can't explain this phenomenon?”

Xu Yun shook his head. There is really no theory that can explain this situation in later generations.

 Lu Guangda asked again:

 “What about guessing?”

 “guess”

 Xu Yun frowned and thought for a few seconds, then said uncertainly:

 “I guess I can't, wait a minute?!”

 Silently.

Several memory fragments flashed through Xu Yun's mind. After a while, his eyes moved slightly:

“Director Lu, if you are referring to conjecture without clear theoretical support, I have an explanation.”

 “What's the explanation?”

Xu Yun looked up at him and said slowly:

“There is a code similar to that of nuclear autotrophic bacteria in the DNA of this chicken, which can prevent the superoxide dismutase in the body from inactivating!”

 Mentioned above.

 At all sites of nuclear explosions or nuclear leakage accidents, humans have never found any animals alive.

But on the other hand.

 In addition to animals, some microorganisms can survive exposure to large amounts of nuclear radiation.

For example, a research team from Stanford University and the University of North Carolina published a paper in which they found that a 1.7 mm thick layer of Cladosporium spores can block 2.17±0.35% of radiation, and at the same time can be used when only nuclear radiation is used as a Proliferation in an energy environment, doi is doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.16.205534.

 Among the samples tested at that time, only 32 of the 2.3 million base pairs of Cladosporium sporospermum had mutated more than once—this ratio can basically be said to be unaffected by radiation.

At the same time, at some nuclear leak sites where the physical shock wave and temperature are not very high, a few plants may survive successfully.

For example, photographer Bernard Hoffman across the sea discovered a living ginkgo tree two miles from the center of Hiroshima in 1945.

It is also the only surviving sample with photographic evidence from around the blast core so far.

The above type of microorganisms have a special name, called nuclear autotrophs.

They usually use melanin to absorb ionizing radiation and thrive. They are a relatively rare species of bacteria.

 But it needs explanation.

 Such nuclear autotrophic bacteria cannot solve the problem of radiation by making radionuclides disappear faster. They can only use ionizing radiation and are better at withstanding ionizing radiation than human cells.

Just like people in Gan Province love spicy food more than people in Guangdong Province, but it is obviously a fantasy to expect people in Gan Province to eat all the chili peppers.

Using radiation to synthesize organisms to block ionizing radiation requires artificial cultivation and accumulation in large quantities. No one on earth has done this outside the laboratory.

Of course.

The reason Xu Yun mentioned nuclear autotrophic bacteria was not because he believed that there were nuclear autotrophic bacteria in the chicken. In order for such a large chicken to withstand nuclear radiation without dying or mutating, at least half of it must be in the body. The space must be filled with those nuclear autotrophic bacteria.

 Xu Yun's idea actually refers to

In some of the DNA structures in this chicken, are there underlying codes with the same logic as those of nuclear autotrophic bacteria?

This idea is not a wild idea. It is actually supported by a paper or incident.

 The magazine "Science" published a paper in October 2008, DOI: 10.1126/science.115449.

 In this paper.

The experimental team studied the radiosynthetic bacterium Candidatus Desulforudisaudaxviator and found two anomalies.

 First, this synthetic bacterium can survive around uranium mines and produce free radicals by decomposing water molecules.

The free radicals then "attack" the surrounding rocks, producing sulfates with them.

The bacterium ultimately uses sulfate to synthesize ATP or adenosine triphosphate, the nucleotide responsible for cellular energy storage.

That was also the first time humans discovered an ecosystem that could survive using nuclear energy.

 As for the second anomaly,

It was the experiment leader Galante who introduced these bacteria into the bodies of mice, and ultimately found that the free radicals of these bacteria would combine with the MC65 cells in the mice, thus making the mice resistant to radiation to a certain extent.

At that time, Galante used 4,000 roentgen-level light to illuminate 14 white mice that had been cultivated for a week for one minute. In the end, three white mice survived successfully.

 Although the result of 14 and 3 may seem a bit small, it is actually a very, very scary ratio.

after all

 That's 4,000 roentgens.

usually.

Except for medical testing, the upper limit of unnatural radiation that a person can withstand in a year is 1 roentgen. The amount of radiation we receive in a CT scan in the hospital is about 6-8 roentgens.

  In an environment of 10,000 roentgens, the human body will die if exposed to light of 10,000 roentgens for one minute. However, three white mice survive when 4,000 roentgens of light are irradiated for one minute. The horror of this value is evident.

But it's a pity.

Those three white mice all died half a month after the experiment was completed - not from radiation sickness, but from organ decay caused by bacterial infection.

 At the same time, the strange thing is that

Since then, there have been no papers related to the introduction of nuclear autotrophic bacteria into mice in Science. Some people in the industry think that this research direction is meaningless. After all, there are already a lot of radiation protection methods in later generations.

The core reason why nuclear autotrophic bacteria can be autotrophic is to decipher the DNA code. Then from mice to humans, there are deep barriers and ethical issues involved, so there are no research groups studying this direction.

 But others see it differently.

They believe that various countries are secretly conducting relevant research, but the results have not been made public.

 After all, nuclear fusion is the core energy source of the future. How can such an abnormal thing involving nuclear radiation not be taken seriously by the country?

Just like when Taylor and Ulam published their paper on T-U configuration and it was included in it, this kind of critical research will definitely not be made public.

At the same time, the situation of Galante, the publisher of the paper, is also regarded as evidence by those who hold the second view:

 Galante was a well-known biologist before publishing his paper. At that time, his H factor was as high as 87, which was 10 higher than Xu Yun's teacher Tian Zhigang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

 In the ten years after publishing his paper, Galante published only 7 insignificant papers, and the H factor only increased by 1 point.

To know.

The H factor is the same as the eight-stage and nine-stage concepts of Go. It is a situation where it will not be degraded until death. It can only increase but not decrease.

So even if you beat a 58-year-old ninth-dan lady in Go, it can still be regarded as your peak performance.

  In other words.

 After Galante published that paper, his entire development trajectory was somewhat cut in half.

 This is obviously something wrong.

After all, Galante's resources and status are there. He may not be able to produce any outstanding results in ten years, but he will not be forgotten by everyone anyway.

 Just like an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is impossible to be as ordinary as an ordinary professor no matter what.

 So in the later life when Xu Yun traveled through time.

 There are more people who hold the second view than the first, including Xu Yun himself.

 After all, this matter has nothing to do with conspiracy theories. There are indeed many doubts in it.

 At this moment, Xu Yun thought of this possibility.

If this chicken, for some reason, has the coding logic of nuclear autotrophic bacteria in its body and there is no risk of infection

So it seems that there is still some possibility for the "chicken body" to survive when the physical shock wave is blocked and the temperature is not particularly high.

 “DNA coding”

Hearing Xu Yun's explanation, Lu Guangda couldn't help but frowned:

"Xiao Han, if I remember correctly, wasn't the DNA code deciphered a few years ago? It seems to be called a triplet base, right?"

 “Decipher?”

Xu Yun raised his eyes and looked at Lu Guangda, and shook his head mysteriously:

“Director Lu, it's early.”

What Lu Guangda meant by deciphering was the triplet codon proposed by George Gamo eight years ago. After seeing the relevant papers of Nature Letter, this physicist proposed the cross-professional idea of ​​[the triplet codon in nucleotide sequences]. The conjecture that four bases determine the composition of amino acids in proteins.

He speculated that if one base or a combination of two bases determines an amino acid, it is not enough to match the 20 amino acids discovered at that time, so the most likely situation should be that a combination of three bases determines an amino acid. Amino acids.

 In this case, 64 triplet combinations can be formed.

If the correspondence between triplet codons and amino acids has nothing to do with the sequence of bases in triplet codons, then the combination of triplet bases will be reduced to 20.

Then in the middle of last year, at the instigation of Crick, three guys, Brenner, Jacobs and Meselson, got together and confirmed the existence of mRNA.

Nirenberg then proposed the conclusion of UUU encoding phe at the beginning of this year. Along with this conclusion, there was also a very reliable experimental result announced:

Nirenberg added soluble RNA to the cell-free system and found that this RNA could greatly increase the amount of newly synthesized proteins containing labeled amino acid insertions, and that the amount of protein synthesis was proportional to the amount of ribosomal RNA added.

Then he added 10ug polyuridylic acid, or polyuridylic acid, to the system/mL, which significantly stimulated the insertion of isotope-labeled phenylalanine into newly synthesized proteins. In sharp contrast, polyuridylic acid It will not affect the insertion of other isotope-labeled amino acids into newly synthesized proteins.

Finally, Nirenberg confirmed that when polyuridylic acid was added to the cell-free system, the reaction product was polyphenylalanine, and it was inferred that UUU encoded phe.

So let's start from the middle of this year, almost two months before Xu Yun's time travel.

There are many people in the international biological community who are saying that they have deciphered the biological code, so interprofessional biological idiots like Lu Guangda were deceived into believing it.

But in fact, in the later generations when Xu Yun traveled through time, DNA was just a **** mountain-level code?

Although scientists have mastered the genome sequence and are working **** sequencing, the whole thing is still unclear.

For example, the biological world still does not know how genes are specifically expressed and how genes affect specific traits - most of the sequences of humans and our close relatives, chimpanzees, are the same, but they are completely two species.

Plans such as ENCODE are listed one after another, but it is estimated that the results will not be seen in the finale of Conan.

Human beings have 23 pairs of 46 chromosomes, each chromosome has thousands to tens of thousands of genes, and each gene has tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of sites.

 In total, each person has about 25,000 genes (some say 30,000) and 3 billion loci.

 So most of the more clearly studied diseases are single-gene genetic diseases, but many diseases are polygenic genetic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, etc., so there is still a long way to go.

Looking back to reality.

 Due to Xu Yongjin's presence and aura of deterrence at the scene, Xu Yun could not explain some things in too much detail.

 But Lu Guangda was, after all, one of the smartest people in modern Chinese history, so he could tell a lot just from the way Xu Yun shook his head.

 So he immediately decided not to delve into the principle issue, but asked Xu Yun:

“Xiao Xu, if that's the case, just tell me directly. Does this chicken have any research value?”

 “value”

Xu Yun tsked softly and said thoughtfully:

“There is definitely value, but I think it will be difficult to see results in the short term. It will most likely be a long-term study.”

“Probably. It's longer than Comrade Yuan Guoliang's rice breeding.”

 “It will take that long?”

 Lu Guangda frowned immediately after hearing this:

 “Isn't it possible to shorten it a bit?”

Xu Yun glanced at him and shook his head heavily.

 What a joke.

 Even if this chicken has DNA logic that is consistent with nuclear autotrophic bacteria, it will take more than ten years to analyze the principle normally.

  Not to mention that after analyzing the principle, we still need to determine whether it has practical fields. Then it is possible to achieve application results in a short time?

It's impossible for a rooster like Brother Chicken to lay eggs by itself, and then the hatched eggs have research value, right?

 Impossible, absolutely impossible!

If this thing could come true, he would immediately take the one given to him by Mr. Guo, von Karmen, and said to be used by Maxwell. Half of it was eaten by Sun Junren, but Ye Duzheng snatched it away. Ye Duzheng didn't take two bites and was snatched away by Qian Wushi , Now Liu Bosheng finished chewing and sent it back to the base. Lu Guangda took two bites and then the ax fell into Zhao Zhongyao's mouth and was chewed up on the spot!

 Hmm, something seems not quite right? —Why is the attributive of this ax so long?

 Forget it, let's forget it, in short, this is absolutely impossible!

The rooster lays eggs, do you really think it's Greg?

 While Lao Guo was chatting with Xu Yun.

 The distant shore of the ocean.

  A middle-aged man in his forties also slammed the table and subconsciously shouted:

 “Impossible, this is absolutely impossible!”

Note:

  Is the movie "Volunteer Army" good to watch? Can anyone who has seen it comment on it?

Chapter end