Into Unscientific Chapter 455

   Right now.

  Looking at the expression of the matrix factors in front of him, Xu Yun's expression was slightly subtle.

because

   It's so weird.

   Mentioned earlier.

  Although there are still many unsolved mysteries in the current particle physics, it is far from touching the essence of the world.

   Or to be precise.

   In fact, it is not just particle physics. There are few fields that are completely understood by humans.

  Not to mention the vast universe, we only understand 5% of the ocean alone, and humans know nothing about the underground:

  The average radius of the earth is 6371 kilometers, and the deepest pit dug by human beings today is 12262m maintained by the SG-3 borehole of the Maoxiong Kola ultrdeep drilling well.

  Compared with the radius of the earth, the drilling depth is equivalent to the apple peel of an apple.

But on the other hand.

  Although the depth of physics involved in the microscopic field is relatively limited, some basic concepts are fixed.

  For example, an atom is composed of a nucleus and electrons outside the nucleus, and electrons are negatively charged in most cases, etc.

   Another example is a deeper screw transformation.

  The specific calculation process of the screw transformation is not the key point. After all, many people can't understand it when it is written. After all, it is more complicated and wastes pen and ink.

  The key point of this thing is that although it has many processes, the formula corresponding to each process is fixed.

  It's like the Coulomb force calculation in high school physics textbooks, just follow the corresponding formula to set the value honestly, without thinking too much.

Of course.

  The formula used in the spinor transformation is obviously not the Coulomb force formula, but called the transformation matrix.

   This matrix is ​​a two-dimensional matrix, and the determinant satisfies the following conditions:

  det((Uκλ))=1.

  For non-relativistic cases, it is also required:

  U22=U11U12=U21

  That is, (Uκλ)=(αββα), and αα+ββ=1.

  The set of all transformation matrices (Uκλ) satisfying these conditions constitutes a Lie group, called SU(2) group.

  So the definition of SU(2) group is:

SU(2)≡{U U∈GL(2, C), UU=I2×2, U =1} (some people say character hydrology, explain here, 8 characters are a Chinese character, in fact, it was said before once I remember)

  U in the above formula is the conjugate transpose matrix of U, so the more specific equivalent definition of the SU(2) group is:

  SU(2)≡{(αββα) α, β∈C, α 2+ β 2=1}

   See here.

   Presumably some smart classmates have understood again:

   That's right!

  The expression of this matrix factor can have three independent real parameters only in the case of UκαUβκ=det((Uκα))δβα=det((Uκα))I!

   And this situation.

   It just happened to be the second stage of the response formula in the original 1850 dungeon reward formula!

Yes.

   That way can be divided into three stages, and the content of the first third deduces the Pangu particle. Or the copy reward of the dark matter particle.

   Not long ago.

  After the Jinping Lab project ended and realized the value of that reward.

  Xu Yun once deliberately spent some time re-discovering the rewards and researching the entire formula.

   To be precise, the second stage of the formula was studied.

  After all, compared with the first stage, the 'sense of fragmentation' in the second and third stages is more obvious.

   That is to say, if there are no accidents

  The second stage also has an independent result or material existence.

   But unfortunately.

  Compared to the relative intuitiveness of the first stage, the difficulty of the second stage is more than ten times higher, and the content is very complicated.

  Even if Xu Yun spent a lot of effort, he could only tell that what the second stage described was not a specific probability trajectory, but a very complicated scenario.

  UκαUβκ=det((Uκα))δβα=det((Uκα))I is the most common mathematical response.

  The word situation can be understood as a concept similar to electric field, magnetic field, etc., but with a higher level of precision.

  If you regard electromagnetism and magnetic field as ordinary tile-roofed houses.

  Then the scenario in particle physics is equivalent to a hardcover villa. The requirements in all aspects are very high, and all of them need to meet the standards.

all in all.

   This is much harder than a single probability track.

  If you don't find the corresponding theory first, this scene will definitely not be reproduced.

   Indeed.

   If Gauss or Riemann's thinking cards are used, there is a high probability that this part of the content can be cracked, after all, it is the real "God".

   But the problem is

   These two thinking cards are really precious, and they belong to Xu Yun's most critical hole cards.

   Neither emotion nor value is suitable for the second formula—unless this thing can play a particularly large role.

  In addition, Xu Yun had to help with today's press conference during that time, so in the end he could only put this matter aside for the time being.

   The result was unexpected.

  At today's press conference, Xu Yun actually saw the second stage of the response?

   Mofei said.

  The situation in the second stage is related to the Pluto particle?

  If you think about it

   Well, it seems quite logical.

   After all, what the first-stage formula discovered was the Pangu particle, which is the standard cold dark matter, and then a series of subsequent disasters were triggered.

  Then in the second stage, some unknown things intersect with Pangu particles, which can be said to be reasonable, even natural.

  Think here.

  Xu Yun's desire to explore suddenly became stronger.

  I saw him straightening his body, and quickly started the calculation for the next stage.

  Generally speaking,

   Both non-relativistic transformation and relativistic transformation of the screw may be needed. In order to distinguish these two transformations, a dot "." can be added to the index of the screw to indicate that the index obeys the relativistic transformation.

  Indicators without “.” obey the non-relativistic transformation, that is, the transformation matrix constitutes a SU(2) group, which is restricted by the equivalent meaning.

   Then in this case, it is enough to calculate the mechanical momentum of the particle and the covariant derivative operator.

   Another very interesting thing to say.

  The specific calculation process of particle data is actually not much different from the Coulomb force and Lorentz force in high school in principle.

   It just changed into another form under the superposition of conditions and frameworks.

  For example, in the equation of motion of charged particles in an electromagnetic field, qUcFac is the four-dimensional force on charged particles.

   This expression includes both Coulomb force and Lorentz force.

   It's just that the Coulomb force and Lorentz force here are derived from the principle of least action.

   Then add some geodesics, electromagnetic field tensors, inherent time and so on, and you will not even know the resurrection of Lorentz

  This is the same as the essence of a nuclear power plant is to boil water, but there is a gap of 100 million points in expression.

   But this is the point.

   It is not manpower but the computer that is responsible for calculating the relevant data.

  Xu Yun quickly took the notebook prepared by the staff from the table, opened the Aurora system of the Academy of Sciences, and entered the calculated data into it.

   "DPadτ=aLqDAadτ"

   "=qUcaAcqDAadτ"

   "=qUcaAcqdxccAadτ"

   "Fac=aAccAa"

   After a while.

  A very concise formula appeared on the screen:

   Here, we get a concise formula:

  Pμ=mUμ+qAμ1γ(PiUiL)Pμ→iμ+gμν(iμqAμ)(iνqAν)-gαβ(βAμxα+ΓαλμβAλΓαβννAμ).

   Then Xu Yun arranged a Laplace operator for both sides, and then began to find the corresponding regular space.

  "The situation of the theory of relativity is affirmative, after all, the speed of light is constant."

  "The magnetic vector potential has changed, 3.74.6 means that the mode is convergent and divergent."

   "The quadrupole moment scalar has a dimensionless parameter?"

  After seeing the quadrupole moment scalar data, Xu Yun was taken aback for a moment.

  This particle is interesting

  The mode convergence plus quadrupole moment scalar has a dimensionless parameter, that is.

  In addition to the three quantities of mass, angular momentum, and charge, the other degrees of freedom of the 'Pluto' particle are limited.

  See this scenario.

   The first reaction in Xu Yun's mind was black holes.

   That's right.

   Black holes.

  Students who were black holes or were sucked in by black holes in their previous lives should know.

  Black holes only have three free observable quantities: mass, angular momentum, and electric charge. The other physical quantities of black holes are all functions of these three quantities, and there are no other degrees of freedom.

   That is, all the matter entering the black hole will lose all information, leaving only three physical quantities of mass, charge and angular momentum, and all other information will no longer exist.

  So this kind of theorem is also called the Sanmao theorem, that is, only the three hairs of mass, angular momentum, and charge remain.

  The name of this theorem is actually quite elegant.

  The three-hair theorem was first called the no-hair theorem by Wheeler, and the black hole was "damn little bitch".

Of course.

  This is not to say that matter that only has mass, angular momentum, and charge is a black hole. Black holes are just a more representative example.

   Except for black holes.

  There are also particles such as leptons and π mesons that have related properties, but black holes are relatively representative.

  It's like when you say that there are 30,000 updates per day, the novice fisherman must be the writer in your mind, and then the lesser Eagle and others.

   Then Xu Yun continued to search the data in the aurora system, and found that even the dark matter of the Pangu particle did not meet the calculated scale.

  Currently, his status is supported by Dirichlet, and there should be no errors in the calculation link, so he can only continue to structure according to the existing data.

  So he took a deep breath, regained his composure, and continued to check the mark.

   Regular space.

  Connected regular spaces are uncountable, so the relevant index must rely on the use of Ulaysson's lemma.

   That is, any two disjoint closed sets in a regular space, which can be separated by a continuous function.

   Another few minutes passed.

   Aurora system exported a summary item data:

  L^2=2[1sinθ/θ(sinθθ)+1(sinθ)22/φ2]=4.7772838

   This seemingly ordinary data is actually a modulus square operator expression derived from regularized coordinates.

   That's right.

   Modulus square operator expression.

   is the one mentioned earlier

   Y-axis data!

   Right now.

  Xu Yun only needs to report this data to Zhou Shaoping, and then use the differential operator in charge of Zhou Shaoping to expand it, theoretically, the Fermi surface calculation of the 'Pluto' particle can be completed.

   Then Xu Yun subconsciously glanced at the two groups of Polyakov and David Gross who were nearby, and found that they were also typing on the keyboard at this time.

  This means that they have also entered the final stage, and began to launch the final impact on the Fermi surface data.

  At the same time, it is not difficult to see from the calculation paper on the desktop that they still use the limited-angle vector rotation as the entry point.

  See this scenario.

  Xu Yun frowned subconsciously, and the strange sense of disobedience in his heart suddenly increased a lot.

  But soon he shook his head lightly, bringing his mind back to reality.

  Maybe I just think too much.

  Theoretically, there shouldn't be any problem with the vector rotation with a limited angle. On the contrary, the matrix element of the rotation operator he chose around the y-axis is logically far away.

  Now I want to come.

   Maybe Zhou Shaoping originally considered the idea of ​​vector rotation with limited angles, but he only agreed to the direction of the matrix element because he couldn't deny it.

  However, the rotation of the vector with a limited angle is fine, and the matrix element of the rotation operator around the y-axis is fine.

   At this time, they have reached the final step, so there is no need to think too much about which is better.

   If you hurry up, you should be able to get the answer faster than the other groups.

  Think here.

  Xu Yun no longer hesitated, and turned the notebook towards Zhou Shaoping:

   "Academician Zhou, the modulus square operator expression has come out, please take a look."

   Zhou Shaoping moved the laptop, glanced up and down quickly, and nodded approvingly:

   "The process is fine. Some of the steps are thoughtful. He is indeed a genius who can prove Mersenne primes. He is much better than an old guy like me."

   Zhou Shaoping's remarks were not deliberately flattering Xu Yun, but out of feeling.

  After all, these days, especially the new generation of physics practitioners, the level of mathematics is generally not particularly high.

   There are very few that can really communicate the two disciplines.

  Among all the existing physical directions, the mathematical requirements of astrophysics will be relatively high, after all, Riemannian geometry is involved.

Of course.

  The so-called low level of mathematics here is the result of comparison with mathematics practitioners, not a popular major.

  A theoretical physics undergraduate who graduated normally, it is not a problem to beat ordinary people with mathematics level, it is not a concept.

   Then Zhou Shaoping withdrew his thoughts and started the final data collection and calculation.

  Xu Yun performed well, so naturally he couldn't hold back.

  Papapa—

  Although Zhou Shaoping is over 80 years old, he is fluent in using computers.

   Lines of data were quickly input by him, and the Aurora system connected to the Academy of Sciences' supercomputer was almost synchronously feeding back.

  At the same time, because the laptop screen is in a vertical state, the screen image is parallel to the telephoto and close-up lens that hangs from the ceiling and locks the desktop.

  So at this point, the lens can no longer convey the specific content to the audience.

   In fact, it is not only the Academy of Sciences group.

  The calculation process of others, such as Polyakov, Te Hooft, etc., is also unable to see clearly because of the problem of viewing angle.

One minute

three minutes.

five minutes.

   At the twelfth minute.

   Zhou Shaoping's face suddenly relaxed, and he exhaled a foul breath.

  See this scenario.

  Xu Yun couldn't help but asked:

   "Academician Zhou, is the result out?"

   Zhou Shaoping glanced at him, then nodded slightly:

   "Well, everything is going well. The data are in line with the parameters we calculated. I have sent the specific results to Professor Weiteng's background."

  Although the telephoto lens loses its imaging effect at this time, the radio and microphone are still normal.

  Therefore, Zhou Shaoping's words were quickly spread to the scene and the outside world.

   After a while.

  Among the bullet screens of the major live broadcast platforms, a row of dense [666] flashed in an instant, and some of them were [Number One! 】

   That's right.

First.

  Even among several computing teams on site, Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping were the first to produce results.

   Another few minutes passed.

  The Netherlands team led by Gerard Te Hooft also obtained the calculation results and sent them to Witten's backstage.

   Then Polyakov

  Anton Salinger.

   Nima

  David Gross.

   Then came Atsuto Suzuki, who was coughing and vomiting blood, and this was also the last one in the team combination.

five minutes later.

  Witten, the subject of this topic, is also the only scholar who independently calculates, and he also moved his fingers from the keyboard.

  The atmosphere at the scene suddenly became tense.

at the same time.

  The number of live broadcasts on major platforms also began to increase rapidly—this is because the audience also realized that the result was about to be released, and invited friends to enter the live broadcast room through online and offline.

   Then Wei Teng calmly picked up the water glass on the table and took a sip of water, and said something through the earphone.

   Half a minute later.

  Academician Pan came out from the backstage again.

  But this time Academician Pan did not go to the first row, but returned to the podium, and said to everyone through the microphone:

   "Dear guests and audience, you have been waiting for a long time."

   "Now I am very excited to tell you the good news, that is, in the hands of Professor Weiteng, the key data calculated by all parties have been gathered."

   "Now only the preliminary verification is performed, that is, the elimination of false results, and the final particle detection can be carried out."

   "The verification process is very simple, as long as several sets of results are compared with each other, it will not take too much time for everyone."

   "Now, please wait a moment, Professor Witten, you can start."

   Academician Pan's last sentence was in English, so no simultaneous translation was needed, and Witten understood what Academician Pan meant.

   So soon.

  He came to another terminal device and began to check the results.

  As for Xu Yun, Zhou Shaoping, the scholars and media people on the scene, and the audience from all walks of life outside the field, they can only wait for the final result with peace of mind.

  Even on the live broadcast platform that had been enjoying 666 for a while, the number of bullet screens is much less visible to the naked eye.

To be honest.

  Everyone is a little nervous right now.

  Although in terms of ability.

  There are a lot of people who are stronger than Xu Yun in China, and although there are not as many people who are stronger than Zhou Shaoping, it is not impossible.

   But at this moment.

  Due to many environmental constraints, this combination of the old and the young has become the only representative of the Chinese physics community.

   If they miscalculate.

  Although there is no shame in having dark matter as a background, there will be some embarrassment in terms of face and emotion.

   This is like the finale of the New Year's Eve dinner.

  Some places are dumplings, some places are braised meat with preserved vegetables, some places are scallion fish, some places are braised Fujianese, etc.

   Taste habits may be different in different places, but the emotion for the finale is the same.

   If this dish is missing in any year, I will always feel a little uncomfortable in my heart.

   If you encounter some caring people and hopeless illiterates, maybe you will be charged with unwarranted charges and say that this matter is Jing and Kang shame. Wrong, wrong, Jing Kang shame.

   Right now.

  Even Xu Yun's parents, who were thousands of kilometers away and knew nothing about physics, realized the importance of the calculation results of Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping.

that's all.

   Another five or six minutes passed.

   Wei Teng, who compared the data, suddenly frowned, glanced at Xu Yun and Zhou Shaoping, then turned to Academician Pan and said:

   "Mr. Pan, including my personal calculation results, there are a total of eight background data."

   "According to the comparison of similar values, seven of them have the same results, and one has obvious differences, and this abnormal data comes from"

   "Academician Zhou and his team."

Note:

   Tell you a good news, after this chapter, there will be no mathematical derivation content.

Chapter end