Into Unscientific Chapter 361

  Chapter 361 This chapter actually reveals a truth (below)

   Observant readers may have spotted this.

  In the experimental scheme designed by Xu Yun.

  He first ruled out the possibility of excitation of lead ions in the same direction, and then planned how to screen out redundant charged particles.

  But there is another step that is not explained, that is

  How can we collect isolated particles?

To know.

  Many of the so-called particles are actually very difficult—or not very likely—to be seen by the naked eye.

   Like quarks.

  Quarks are subatomic structures, and currently there is no microscope that can observe subatomic structures.

  Even the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and its derived scanning probe microscope (SPM) have a resolution of 0.1nm and 0.01nm in the directions parallel to and perpendicular to the sample surface, respectively, and still can only resolve single atoms.

  Just because of the principle of color tightness, we can judge many of its characteristics.

  For example, the meson can be obtained by combining the red Up quark with the anti-red anti-down quark.

  Three colors or three anti-colors can be combined to get baryons, etc.

  At present, most of these particles smaller than atoms are just scattered particle signals collected by experiments such as large accelerators, and then use models to explain their properties.

  That is, those particles do exist, but they are hard to touch.

   Except for a few cases such as protons and electrons, the generation of other particles requires certain technical skills.

   As for the lone particle?

   Obviously not in the category of easy collection—even in the microscopic world, it has no "entity".

   Therefore, if they want to process the ground state of the isolated point particles, Xu Yun and the others still need to solve one step after another:

  That is how to 'capture' the isolated particle.

  Only by 'capturing' the isolated particles, can they gather and form the ground state.

  Just like the example of the highway mentioned above, the prerequisite for a forklift to push all the cars together is that the car itself is an entity.

  This seemingly simple concept in the real world is almost mentally handicapped, but it is a difficult problem in front of isolated point particles.

   And Xu Yun's method of 'capturing' isolated particles alive.

   There is an old saying in China.

  It is called the person who needs to tie the bell after untying it.

  It means that if you want to untie the chastity belt, you must let the person who locked the chastity belt come.

   This sentence also applies to this experiment today.

  As for the bell-tying person of the lone point particle, it is naturally the 4685Λ hyperon.

   It is also in the love story of Motes.

  Heroine.

   It is because of the interaction between it (her) and the lone point particle that Academician Pan and the others observed the information of the lone point particle.

   Just this time.

  Λhyperon's task is no longer to die for love with the isolated particle, but to attract the isolated particle together.

   This step depends on the .

  ΛThe meson inside the hyperon.

   Well known.

  In physics, there are many ways to excite mesons.

  For example, Neon's T2K experiment uses proton flow to hit graphite to produce π mesons and kaons.

   Then they decay, producing mainly muons and muon neutrinos.

  Xu Yun's design this time is to let the Λ hyperon collide with the P-type semiconductor.

This method can generate mesons with a lifespan of 10^8 seconds, and these mesons can give isolated point particles a "solid" state for a very short time—in the original love story of particles, it was the 4685Λ hyperon that gave a meson, which made Let the isolated particle be able to touch the body of the hyperon.

   Relying on this short time, it is enough to fall into the magneto-optical trap.

  In a sense.

   Is this considered a beauty trick?

  The line of sight returns to the channel of the experiment.

  After being screened out by various means.

  In the channel, there are only the isolated particle and the 4685Λ hyperon.

  The two are mixed with each other, there is me in you, and you in me.

   But soon.

  With the activation of the preset program or code, a set of collimators will start focusing.

   Mentioned a long time ago.

  Acceleration of particles by an accelerator is generally accelerated by an electric field or energy fed by microwaves, which requires the particles to be charged.

  4685Λ hyperon, as a kind of uncharged particle, naturally cannot achieve acceleration.

But that's okay.

  Electrically neutral particles cannot be accelerated, but they can be decelerated.

  For example, neutron moderator can be applied in nuclear reaction, but the deceleration of 4685Λ hyperon only needs .

   Borax with water.

  The collimator determines the coupling parameters through photons that do not participate in the reaction, and a ceramic plate with water-added borax falls from above the channel.

   Whoosh—

  The mixed beams of isolated point particles and 4685Λ hyperons pass through.

   Lone particles are unaffected due to their disembodied nature and fly by as usual.

  4685Λ hyperon is decelerated.

  The two particles are separated.

   Then soon.

  The decelerated 4685Λ hyperon hit another P-type semiconductor heavily, and the baryon number of the 4685Λ hyperon lost its conservation.

   In as little as 10-^15 seconds.

  Tens of thousands of mesons appear around the P-type semiconductor.

at the same time.

  The lone point particle that was one step ahead seemed to be attracted, and flickered from the position in front of the head to the surrounding of the P-type semiconductor in an instant.

   After bonding with mesons, they briefly gain physicality.

Then

  These solitary point particles are like the five brothers who came to rescue Altman Ace, they were firmly captured by the Hippolyte alien trap (magneto-optical trap).

  All of this from beam launch, collision, screening to the end, in reality only passed.

  1.14514 seconds.

   Before Xu Yun, Lu Chaoyang and the others had time to generate various emotions, a green rectangular frame appeared on the display screen in front of them:

  【Captured】

   This is the prompt that the pre-set program will automatically pop up after capturing the isolated particle. The logic of confirming success is mainly the change of the energy of the area.

   "Xiao Xu!"

  Due to too much concentration, Liang Haoran, who was in charge of observing the coupled state data, didn't bother to call Xu Yun Dr. Xu, and subconsciously shouted out the usual name for Xu Yun:

   "Entity lone point particles have been captured. According to the decay chart, if we don't use other methods, they can last about 15 seconds in the 'entity' state!"

  See this scenario.

  Xu Yun couldn't help but look at Lu Chaoyang, and quickly turned his head to order:

   "Cool down, cool down now!"

  Papapa—

  Ye Yingying, who was in front of the temperature indicator, quickly entered the command after hearing the words, and asked at the same time:

   "Dr. Xu, how low is the temperature?"

  Xu Yun waved his hand:

   "200nk, anyway, we are not Europeans, there is no shortage of electricity!"

"clear!"

  nk.

   This is a commonly used unit in the low temperature field, which is 10 to the -9th power K.

  Humans have already achieved this precision when they completed the first Bose-Einstein condensate in 19995.

  Now the lowest temperature record in the laboratory has broken through to the pK level, that is, the order of 38 trillionths of a degree Celsius above absolute zero. (/doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.13.1236)

   It's just that the 'Eye of the World' test chamber doesn't have such sophisticated equipment at the moment, and Xu Yun's demand this time is not so high, 200nk is almost the same.

  The temperature soon began to drop.

   Minus 26 degrees.

   minus 38 degrees.

   Minus 73 degrees.

   Minus 206 degrees.

until

  199.996nk.

  In just 3 seconds, the temperature in the capture zone was infinitely close to 200nk.

   As the temperature decreases.

  A large number of isolated point particles temporarily materialized are completely frozen around the P-type semiconductor.

   Then a double achromatic apex detector with a magnetic stiffness of 9.4T·m slowly fell from above the channel, and began to study the isolated point particles by means of a cloud chamber.

  Earlier Liang Haoran once said that the solitary particle persists for about fifteen seconds.

   After all, in this experiment process, the 4685Λ hyperon disappeared first, instead of directly colliding with the lone point particle as it did at the beginning.

  The magnitude of the interaction is not as high as that of Academician Pan and the others in their first experiment, and the duration will naturally be longer.

   From his report of the situation to Xu Yun's instructions, Ye Yingying's password input, and the temperature drop, it took about .

   Around 10 seconds.

   That is to say

  The frozen solitary particle has actually started to decay at this time.

   Well known.

  When a particle decays.

  Its final state has momentum though.

  But if viewed from the static coordinate system relative to the initial state particles, the energy sum of the final state particles is the mass of the initial state particles.

  Therefore, when calculating the constant mass of the final particle, there will be a delta function in the mass of the final particle.

   At the same time.

  Because the initial particle is unstable, according to the principle of quantum mechanics, the unstable particle will have a "width" - the reciprocal of the half width is its lifetime.

  So in terms of technical means, we can make a two-dimensional diagram of constant mass-number of cases according to this situation, and then use the obvious peak to judge whether the particle is in the ground state.

   So fast.

  The project team started related testing.

   "The injection is in progress, and the tree diagram level has been transmitted to the main operation terminal!"

   "The results of high-energy photons are not obvious, and the constant mass distribution seems to be irregular"

   "It doesn't matter, this is normal. After all, there is no definition of static mass for solitary point particles. It is not surprising that our equipment cannot accurately measure those data—how about the results of high-energy muons?"

   "The Feynman diagram has been released, and its nature is somewhat similar to collinear divergence, that is, it is very close to a certain final state."

   "Dr. Xu, I have also sent you the diagram of the reconstructed hard scattering process."

   "Dr. Xu, the takeaway will be delivered in about an hour"

  All kinds of information arrived at the console slowly and regularly.

  Everyone is concentrating on their own work, collecting, entering, and calculating various data.

  Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang didn't bother to watch, and both went off to process various data in person.

that's it.

  Time slowly passed by every minute and every second.

   Two hours later.

   On the video screen in front of Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang, a strange image suddenly appeared:

  The content of the image is a 3D model with some ups and downs like hills. Although most of the areas have protrusions and depressions, the range is relatively small.

  The only exception is the leftmost region.

  I saw this moment.

  In the leftmost area, there is a bulge standing upright like an Optimus Prime, with an extremely unusual style of painting.

  The other undulating areas are in front of it, as small as ordinary humans standing beside Tiga.

  As if

  Everything adds up here.

  Look at this image.

   Xu Yun and Lu Chaoyang couldn't help but look at each other, a gleam of joy flashed in their eyes at the same time, and they let out a soft breath.

  Then Lu Chaoyang took the initiative to step aside half of his body, cast a look at Xu Yun at the same time, and said:

   "Xiao Xu, let's talk about this."

  Xu Yun knew that Lu Chaoyang was giving him an opportunity to build momentum, so he nodded politely to him.

   Then he turned his head to look at the audience, fell silent for a moment, and said:

   "Everyone, please be quiet."

  A needle drop could be heard offstage.

  Xu Yun's chest bulged slightly, took a deep breath, and said:

   "Now. I officially announce that with everyone's unremitting efforts, we have successfully completed the ground state processing of lone point particles!"

  “Considering the particularity of isolated point particles, there should be no other teams competing with us on the same track.”

   "So in a sense, we are also the ground state of isolated particles in the entire physics community."

   "First break!"

   Following Xu Yun's words.

  The atmosphere at the scene was slightly condensed, and soon there was a burst of cheers and applause:

   "Wuhu~Xu Shenniu Pi!!!"

   "Ulla!"

   "Oye, first break!!"

   This atmosphere is not a gesture that everyone pretends to support Xu Yun, but a reflection of their true inner thoughts.

   After all, this is the result of the joint efforts of everyone, and it is also a good start for the project team.

  From a metaphysical point of view, it is undoubtedly an excellent lucky draw.

   Second come.

   There is also a very practical reason.

   That is, with the first breakthrough of the ground state of isolated point particles, even if the project team does not produce any results in the future, they can all be mixed into a second work of a journal that started in the second district of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

   That's right, the second district started.

  If you are lucky enough.

   Possibly even higher!

  This is not a fantasy, but supported by real data.

   Until 2022.

  There are only 18 kinds of ψ highly oscillating particles/quasiparticles observed in the physics community.

   The earliest is rubidium in 1995, and the latest is excitons in 2011.

  These 18 kinds of particles except strontium boarded "ADVANCESINPHYSICS-X" and calcium boarded "SciPostPhysics" two journals of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

  The other 16 kinds of journals were all published in the first area of ​​journals—including the ultimate peak of CNS.

  So if discussing Xu Yun's experimental results today alone, there is no such thing as a so-called good luck to be published in a journal in the first district, but it is a guarantee of the bottom line.

only

do not forget.

  Academician Pan and Zhao Zhengguo have not published their paper on the discovery of lone point particles.

   Wait until the time is right.

  They will inevitably take Xu Yun as a co-author and publish a paper describing the isolated particle.

   That is an achievement that must be published in CNS journals, and it is bound to cause a lot of discussion.

   In this way.

  The ground state technology of simple lone point particles may be regarded as a derivative research, and it will automatically drop down a notch.

  It's like two teams participating in the League of Legends S game, one broke through history and entered the semi-finals, and the other won the championship.

  Although the top four teams have created the best results, in front of the champion, the enthusiasm will inevitably be divided by more than half.

  Xu Yun and the others are facing almost such a situation at this time.

   But even so, the probability of the project team going to the first district will not be lower than .

  40%!

   In this way, how can everyone not be happy?

Note:

   Can anyone guess what the chapter titles mean? If you don't understand, you can put an eye on it

  (end of this chapter)

Chapter end