Into Unscientific Chapter 630

 There were more than a dozen experts who came to visit the trial operation of the accelerator today, including many of them, such as Lu Guangda and Lao Guo Da, who were self-propelled wall-mounted humanoids.

 But after this ah-lie-lie sound.

Xu Yun was the first person to react at the scene. His heart suddenly thumped, and his blood pressure began to rise slowly.

after all

 He ​​is very aware of the lethality of these three words - the copy of 1850 was kicked up by a few "ah" of wheat.

 I saw him suddenly turning his head and looking at the side

 Li Jue!

 At this moment.

The general person in charge of the base was holding a report in one hand, scratching his head inexplicably with the other hand, and said to Zhao Zhongyao:

“Comrade Zhongyao, can you come over and take a look? Is there something wrong with this picture?”

 “An error occurred?”

Zhao Zhongyao blinked subconsciously, and after coming back to his senses, he quickly walked to Li Jue:

“Director Li, what happened?”

Upon seeing this, Li Jue handed this report to Zhao Zhongyao and explained at the same time:

“Comrade Zhongyao, didn't you draw a line for me before? If you find an image that exceeds this line, I want to tell you.”

“I just looked through more than two hundred reports, and found the situation you mentioned in this report, but it seems to be a bit too much.”

"What did you say?"

 Li Jue didn't finish his words.

Zhao Zhongyao suddenly interrupted him, his eyes widening like bells:

“Director, you said you found an image beyond that line?”

 Say it.

Without waiting for Li Jue to answer, Zhao Zhongyao snatched the report from Li Jue's hand and put it in front of him to read.

 Then quickly.

Xu Yun noticed that the footer of the report began to make a rustling sound - it was not the wind blowing, but Zhao Zhongyao's palms trembling slightly.

 After a while.

Zhao Zhongyao's Adam's apple rolled a few times, he raised his head and said to everyone:

“Comrades Guangda, Ganchang, Hongyuan, and Zhuxi, please take a look at this report numbered 4396.”

Zhao Zhongyao has printed seven or eight copies of the same document before, and at this time several major experts basically have one copy.

 So after hearing these words, Zhu Hongyuan and others quickly rummaged through the corresponding documents.

 Everyone's browsing speed varied, but the slowest one found the report in less than half a minute.

Upon seeing this, Xu Yun and Lao Guo approached Lu Guangda and looked at him curiously.

 As a result, the moment he scanned the report image, Xu Yun's pupils shrank severely!

In this image numbered 4396, there is a towering bulge as tall as the readers when they wake up in the morning.

The magnitude is so large that it even exceeds the line drawn by Zhao Zhongyao by more than three times!

To know.

The line drawn by Zhao Zhongyao is not the collision energy level, but the

 Particle resolution!

 The resolution here can also be understood as resolution. The larger the particle, the higher the resolution—that is, the larger the wave summit.

 The lower the resolution, the closer it is to the so-called point particles.

To be honest, it is not surprising that high-resolution particles are detected in accelerators, but the problem is

This stack of reports that Zhao Zhongyao gave to Li Jue analyzed the resolution of final state particles!

And from a mass perspective, the mass of this particle probably starts at the 3GeV level!

 This tmd is very scary

Of course.

 Seeing this, some students may be a little surprised:

 No, the energy level of this accelerator is only 80 MeV. Why can GeV particles be detected?

This has to mention a misunderstanding that is easily confused about accelerators:

 The mass of the particle and the energy level unit of the collider are the same, but they are two different things.

 The energy level of an accelerator refers to the kinetic energy to which particles can be accelerated, that is, the energy possessed by the particles. It is related to the electric and magnetic fields of the accelerating equipment, and is conceptually different from the mass of the particles.

 For example, the mass of a proton is 938MeV, but it can be observed by a 2.5MeV accelerator. The two units are just the same.

  Give another example.

 The length of a standard domestic EMU is 209 meters, and its speed can reach five, fifty or even one hundred meters per second - the latter depends on the power structure and the bearing capacity of the rails.

 Although there are some connections between the two, they are still completely different in concept.

  Generally speaking, the higher the energy level of the particles, the more fragments will be thrown out. For this, you can imagine a head-on collision between two cars. The faster the speed, the more parts will pop out.

After particle collisions, many charts can be compiled, including mass spectra of various particles (equivalent to collecting and weighing all the parts), so there are Higgs particles [CERN discovered a bulge in the 125GeV range] Such statements.

But on the other hand.

If you are European enough, after exceeding a certain basic energy level, such as 30MeV, some particles or phenomena that can only be discovered at high energy levels are not impossible to find.

 It's just that there are very few such examples, as few as novel writers who can write thirty thousand novels a day.

 Because the internal structure of general particles is very strong, it may require an energy level of Gev or even Tev to break apart—otherwise, countries and organizations would not keep increasing the energy level of accelerators.

 This time, the rabbits obviously received a gift package for beginners.

 Little half a minute passed.

Zhu Hongyuan, who gradually came back to his senses, rubbed his eyes in disbelief and said to Zhao Zhongyao:

“Comrade Zhongyao, have we discovered a superon in the final state?”

 Zhao Zhongyao's lips showed a complex smile with no visible emotion, which seemed to be both joy and helplessness:

"should be."

Zhu Hongyuan's heartbeat suddenly accelerated.

 It is well known.

 In the first sixty years of the 20th century, the development of particle physics could be described as rapid. Wrong, it was rapid progress.

 At first, people realized the existence of electrons, photons, and atomic nuclei. Later, in 1932, it was discovered that protons and neutrons are the components of the atomic nucleus.

In order to explain why positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons are enough to form a stable atomic nucleus, and why the electromagnetic repulsion between protons does not cause the atomic nucleus to fall apart, neon physicist Hideki Yukawa proposed the concept of mesons.

This particle was later discovered (1947) in cosmic rays as the pion.

  Then 1947.

Two British scientists, Rochester and Butler, discovered exotic particles, namely composite particles such as hadrons and hyperons.

 In this era, the number of hadrons discovered by the scientific community exceeds 200, but as far as Zhao Zhongyao knows.

 This is the first time that the final particle is a hyperon.

 “That. Comrade Zhongyao, Comrade Hong Yuan.”

Looking at Zhu Hongyuan who was in shock, Lao Guo couldn't help coughing lightly and asked:

“Is there anything special about this hyperon you are talking about?”

Zhao Zhongyao came back to his senses after hearing this. He put the report in his hand on the table, exhaled a long breath, and asked Lao Guo:

“Friends, have you ever heard of the strange numbers of strange particles?”

 “Singular numbers?”

Lao Guo touched his chin and thought for a while, vaguely remembering something:

“Oh, is it the quantum number proposed by Gell-Mann seven or eight years ago?”

 Zhao Zhongyao nodded:

 “That's right.”

As mentioned above, in 1947 Rochester and Butler discovered the first strange particle in human history, thus kicking off the field of strange particles.

 Then in 1953.

In order to explain the intrinsic properties of strange particles, Gell-Mann, Touo Nakano, and Kazuhiko Nishijima each independently proposed a new quantum number, which is the strange number.

Then Zhao Zhongyao paused, glanced at Li Jue who was confused, and continued:

“According to the definition of singular numbers, in strong interaction and electromagnetic interaction, the singular numbers before and after the reaction must be conserved, but in weak interactions they do not need to be conserved.”

“Strange particles are produced in strong interactions. Because the strange numbers are conserved, at least two strange particles must be produced, with strange charges of 1 and -1 respectively.”

“If these exotic particles want to decay into particles with smaller masses, they can only decay into non-exotic particles. Otherwise, energy conservation cannot be satisfied, so they can only decay through weak interactions, but”

 Said.

Zhao Zhongyao pointed to the previous chart again and said:

 “Lao Guo, look here again.”

Lao Guo and others stretched their heads and took a few glances, and found that what Zhao Zhongyao was pointing to this time was not the previous bulge area, but another small crest next to the bulge.

This wave crest is not to mention exceeding the limit, it is still far away from the line drawn by Zhao Zhongyao.

In the contrast of the bulge on the side, it is as different as a cow and a toothpick.

 Then Zhao Zhongyao tapped on this small bump and explained;

“Friends, although the peak amplitude of this wave is not high, its properties are extraordinary.”

“I won't explain the specific principle. In short, as long as you know that this image exists on the edge of the hyperon wave peak, it means that the decay process must involve bosons with fractional charges and integer spins.”

Lao Guo was startled for a moment, and this time he no longer hesitated:

 “Bosons? How is this possible?”

Although as an expert in fluid mechanics, Lao Guo is only half a bucket of water in terms of particle physics, he still understands some basic concepts - half a bucket of water is still somewhat watery.

Not to mention that he has been in contact with Lu Guangda for a long time, and he is also familiar with some concepts of theoretical physics.

 According to the knowledge Lao Guo has.

Hyperon is a kind of fermion, and the hyperon in this picture is positively charged - there is no antihyperon in the first quadrant, so where did this boson come from?

  Coupled with the fact that there is no collision spectrum around, it means that this particle can only be produced by decay.

In this way, an answer is ready to come out:

This boson, which is similar to a point particle, comes from the particle before the hyperon decays!

Think of this.

Lao Guo couldn't help but raise his head and looked at Zhao Zhongyao in shock:

“Comrade Zhongyao, is it possible that there is some structure of boson commutation in the hyperon before decay, thus balancing the fractional charge?”

Zhao Zhongyao nodded solemnly:

“This is the only explanation, and it is logically consistent with the injection diagram we observed, and both can form theoretical support.”

　　When Zhao Zhongyao said this, there was a hint of trembling in his tone that he was not aware of.

 Mentioned above.

 The mass of these particles is at least 3GeV, twice that of neutrons and protons.

Therefore, this kind of hyperon cannot "survive" to the capture device after hitting the target. It must have been denatured during the entire process.

 But don't forget.

 According to the rules of quantum numbers, in order to satisfy energy conservation, exotic particles can only decay into non-exotic particles.

 A hyperon that is not in the initial state, has undergone denaturation, and involves a boson with a fractional charge and an integer spin.

There is only one possibility for its appearance:

 A hyperon first decays into non-singular particles, and then these non-singular particles recombine to form the hyperon.

 This possibility is exactly the same as the speculation put forward by Zhu Hongyuan after Wang Chengshu discovered the injection picture.

That is.

 There are some unknown, smaller particles inside particles such as hadrons and hyperons!

Think of this.

Li Jue on the side suddenly raised his hand:

“Comrade Zhongyao, does this count as meritorious service?”

Zhao Zhongyao twitched the corner of his mouth:

This thing is indeed quite outrageous. A bunch of reports that experts have not found here were actually found by Li Jue.

According to Zhao Zhongyao's understanding of Li Jue, he probably had to write this matter down on the first page of his autobiography and write a big book about it.

Then Zhao Zhongyao ignored this guy who knew what he was asking, but turned to look at Wang Ganchang and said:

“Xiao Wang, you and your comrades will work harder and see if you can find other similar images.”

“If nothing else happens, we may really make big news this time.”

Wang Ganchang nodded immediately:

"clear!"

 After saying that, he took the other members of the project team and began to look through these reports.

 Mentioned earlier.

This time, the tandem electrostatic accelerator has a total of 132 modules. Each module can detect 47 pixel positions and can produce more than 6,200 reports.

 Fortunately, due to the problem of equipment accuracy, there is not much information on each image. They are basically two small images, and there are only three or four more.

 So less than an hour.

Wang Ganchang returned to Zhao Zhongyao with two pieces of paper and said:

“Teacher, we have checked all the images. Counting the incident that Director Li is looking for, there are three cases that meet the conditions.”

“The final state hyperon mass in these three cases has two staggered peaks, which means they belong to two different hyperons.”

“The first report I have is the same type of hyperon as that discovered by Director Li. The mass is about 3.9GeV. Due to the energy level of the accelerator, the binding energy is unknown and the polarizability is also unknown.”

Zhao Zhongyao nodded slightly.

Hyperons actually mean super-heavy particles, which are heavier than ordinary baryons, and the largest ones can even reach speeds of 400 GeV.

The mass of 3.9 GeV can only be regarded as average in the hyperon family, but it becomes very special after adding the final state.

Then Wang Ganchang paused and continued:

“But I simply calculated the binding energy of this hyperon—after all, there is a decay boson.”

“According to calculation results, the binding energy of this hyperon is mathematically approximately 1.26812 MeV.”

"In addition, its phenotype belongs to Λ superon. Hey, Comrade Han Li, why is your body shaking? Are you sick?"

Note:

 I have been working all night in the laboratory for almost 20 days. I slept for 22 hours today. I didn't catch up on the update yesterday. Sorry.

Chapter end