Into Unscientific Chapter 457

  Near the data terminal.

  Looking at Xu Yun who confidently said the word 'intentional'.

  A big question mark suddenly appeared on the face of Atsuto Suzuki.

   This unlucky kid didn't play cards according to common sense?

   But soon.

  Suzuki Atsuto recovered from the astonishment, and laughed angrily, staring at Xu Yun:

"on purpose?"

   "Xu Sang, that is to say, you don't need the complete spectrum, so you deliberately take the eigenvector extraction of the operator?"

  Xu Yun nodded:

   "Exactly."

  Atsuto Suzuki rolled his eyes silently. He thought that Neon Man's remarks when he discharged nuclear waste water were shameless enough, but he didn't expect to meet a thick-skinned one today:

   "Why? Just because you want to show off?"

   Hear this statement.

   Zhou Shaoping on the other side of Atsuto Suzuki suddenly changed his face, and subconsciously prepared to interject.

  After all, if Xu Yun is allowed to continue talking, then after the responsibility is hammered out, he may not be able to keep it.

  Atsuto Suzuki, this old Baga, really has sinister intentions.

  However, before he could say anything, Zhou Shaoping felt someone pulling his clothes.

  He turned his head and found that Mr. Yang had arrived at a certain blind spot of the camera around him at some point.

  Following Shaoping's gaze last week, Mr. Yang gave him a low look:

   "Xiao Zhou, let Xiao Xu continue."

   Zhou Shaoping frowned when he heard this, with a hint of anxiety on his face:

   "But Mr. Yang, Xiao Xu has absolutely no room for explanation."

   Zhou Shaoping didn't finish his sentence, but he saw Mr. Yang waved to him again, interrupting the second half of his speech.

   After a while.

   Perhaps because he was worried that Zhou Shaoping's authorities would be fans, Mr. Yang hesitated for a while, and added a sentence:

   "Xiao Zhou, how do you know?"

   "The data calculated by Xiao Xu must be wrong?"

   Zhou Shaoping was taken aback for a moment, and subconsciously wanted to refute, isn't this obvious?

   After all, the leaders of the other eight groups are either Nobel laureates or uncrowned kings like Witten, and there are also some ultimate figures like Higgs.

   Even the most stretched thing is a quasi-Nobel Prize winner like Suzuki Atsuto.

   As a result, you said that Xu Yun's answer was correct, but the other eight teams were wrong?

  How is this possible?

  But after the emergence of perceptual thinking, followed by the rational thinking of a scientific researcher.

   Indeed.

   Judging from the current magnitude between the enemy and ourselves, the Academy of Sciences group is undoubtedly an absolute minority.

  But if it is analyzed theoretically.

  Suddenly.

   Zhou Shaoping's gaze became a little ethereal.

  He thought of a possibility, the only possibility that fit the current situation.

  But the probability of that possibility is really too low.

   And Zhou Shaoping's thinking like this just happened to cut off his possibility of stopping Xu Yun.

   Xu Yun pondered for a moment, then shook his head at Atsuto Suzuki:

   "Show off skills? Mr. Suzuki, you misunderstood, how could I show off skills on such an occasion?"

   "It's just that during the previous calculation process, I discovered a somewhat serious problem."

   “It was this question that prompted me to choose another line of thought.”

"what is the problem?"

   "The vector rotation of a limited angle is a pseudo-vector value in a certain range, which does not conform to the law of superposition commutation."

  Hearing Xu Yun's explanation, Atsuto Suzuki finally couldn't help laughing, as happy as Kennedy in a convertible:

   "Xu Sang, do you know what you're talking about? Doesn't conform to the law of superposition and commutation?"

   "The accuracy of the vector rotation of a limited angle in terms of vector connection has been tested for decades. Any particle at present. Even the Pangu dark matter discovered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also conforms to the corresponding model in the experiment just now."

   "I don't deny that in some cases, the matrix elements of the rotation operator around the defined axis are indeed finer."

   "But this kind of refinement is meaningless, not to mention that there are still many unsolved links in it. It is a method that may really cause problems."

   Hear this statement.

  Many scholars around nodded.

  As Suzuki Atsuto said.

  In the current research in the physics community, vector rotation with a limited angle is a common base construction method, and the degree of fit covers all known particles.

   It's clean and reliable, never a single error.

  The matrix element of the rotation operator around the limited axis is indeed higher in precision, but this so-called precision is really meaningless.

more importantly.

  In the field of physics, the perturbation base constructed by the matrix elements of the rotation operator around the limited axis is far from being studied thoroughly.

  Because the concept of full angular momentum is too broad.

   Friends who have studied mechanics know it.

  Angular momentum is one of the three conserved quantities in classical mechanics.

  But if you ask another question about why angular momentum is conserved, it is estimated that fewer people know it.

   Actually.

   The reason for the conservation of angular momentum is simple:

  Space rotation symmetry is the real cause of angular momentum conservation, that is, every continuous symmetry corresponds to a conserved quantity.

   So more strictly speaking.

   is to define the conserved quantity corresponding to the rotational symmetry of space as angular momentum.

   In other words.

  As a micro-differential operator of a space rotation group, angular momentum can generate all space rotation transformations.

  So different fields correspond to different angular momentum operators.

  Take the screw field as an example.

   From the calculation of the spinor field, it can be found that its angular momentum can be written in the form of J=L+σ/2.

   where L is the orbital angular momentum, and σ/2 is called the spin of the particle corresponding to the spinor field.

  In the stationary system of the particle, calculate the eigenvalue of the J operator and find that the eigenvalue is ±1/2.

   This means that the spinor field corresponds to a particle whose spin is 1/2.

Because the anti-commutation relation is adopted when the spinor field is quantized, this makes the spin 1/2 particles corresponding to the spinor field satisfy the Fermi-Dirac statistics, so those particles are also called fermions—yes, This is why fermions have semi-odd spins.

   Among the 61 kinds of elementary particles, 36 kinds of quarks and 12 kinds of leptons (including electrons and neutrinos) are such fermions, 36+12=48 kinds.

  Same reason.

  The angular momentum of the vector field is also calculated, which also includes the spin item, and the particle corresponding to the vector field with a spin of 1 can be obtained.

   Among the 61 kinds of elementary particles, 12 kinds of particles that transmit and interact are just such spin-1 particles.

  Including photons that transmit electromagnetic interactions, 8 kinds of gluons that transmit strong interactions, and two W particles and one Z particle that transmit weak interactions. 1+8+3=12.

  The calculation of the scalar field will find that it has no spin, corresponding to the spin 0 particle, the last particle discovered among the 61 kinds of elementary particles-the Higgs particle is such a particle.

look.

  All of the current basic particles have a direct mathematical relationship with the angular momentum operator.

   In the words of Zhong Eryi.

  The matrix element of the rotation operator around the limited axis is the “mystery” that touches the “origin of the world”.

  For example, Mr. Yang mentioned earlier the idea of ​​treating the field quantity as a wave function rather than a coordinate operator.

  Don't look at this idea and just say a word.

  In fact, after it is completely summarized into a mechanism, at least it is a paper at the level of the main journal of "Science".

   Another example.

  There is a limit to the amount of water a person can drink in one breath. Even in the case of extreme thirst, two bottles of 500ml mineral water are almost enough.

  The limited-angle vector rotation is equivalent to such mineral water.

  The matrix element of the rotation operator around the limited axis is a 10-liter bucket.

  The volume of a 10-liter bucket is obviously larger than that of a mineral water bottle, but for a single drinking volume for a single person, the large volume of the bucket is actually meaningless.

   On the contrary, because of its large volume and heavy weight, it takes more energy to carry the bucket than mineral water.

  So compared with the limited angle vector rotation, the matrix element cost performance of the rotation operator around the limited axis is extremely low.

   Then Atsuto Suzuki took a deep breath, suppressed the ecstasy in his heart, and put on an expression of inquiry and curiosity:

   "Oh? Pseudovector values ​​in a certain range do not conform to the commutative law of superposition?"

   "In this case, Xu Sang, can you find out the scope of the problem?"

  Atsuto Suzuki's purpose was to force Xu Yun to the point where he could not retreat, but unexpectedly, Xu Yun nodded readily:

"No problem, when TK is greater than 6, the constraints are greater than 7Φ, and the total antisymmetric tensor is non-zero, the result will be a mass vector field with spin 1/2 instead of 1, and the Lagrangian is in the form There will be an extra minus sign."

  Atsuto Suzuki was stunned for a moment, and there was a subconscious reaction in his mind:

  Is this guy trying to bluff people?

  With such an intensive calculation, can he still find a specific interval?

How can this be?

  Anton Salinger, who was next to Atsuto Suzuki, reacted faster, stepped over to the data terminal, and carefully compared the data.

   "TK is greater than 6. The constraint condition is greater than 7K-G field. The total antisymmetric tensor is not 0"

  Anton Salinger quickly entered the data, and after a few seconds, he frowned.

  Although there is not enough calculation time, the mass vector field spin that Xu Yun mentioned cannot be calculated for a while.

   But for a top quantum physics expert like him, the form of the Lagrange quantity is not difficult to judge.

  According to a simple analysis, he can roughly judge the form of the Lagrange quantity.

   There is indeed an extra minus sign.

   This negative sign is not a purely mathematical negative number, but refers to negative energy.

   Actually.

  There is nothing wrong with pure energy being negative. There are some examples in theoretical situations that can have negative energy.

  For example, in the Casimir effect, when two uncharged metal plates are very close to each other, the suction force comes from the energy difference of the vacuum inside and outside the plates, and the vacuum between the plates has negative energy.

   But the problem is that what is being constructed is a vector field. For the concept of vector field, there is a slightly succinct saying in particle physics to describe it, which is called:

  Energy is not limited to the lower bound, E has a lower bound, but no upper bound.

   That is, the vector field situation with negative energy is not necessarily wrong, but it needs to be corrected, such as obtaining a point with lower potential energy through the translation field, so as to obtain the real dynamic field equation and so on.

   That is, this is a field that needs to be optimized.

   More critically.

  In the calculation process of KG field, if you want the energy to be negative, then there is only one situation:

   The space vector part is 0, and only the time component is retained.

Thus.

  It will lead to problems with the E-L equation and the Hamiltonian density, and the Lorentz invariance will also be affected, eventually causing problems with the entire framework.

   In other words.

  In the situation mentioned by Xu Yun, the pseudo-vector value does not conform to the superposition commutative law.

Of course.

   If you want to make a real impact, you need to do further calculations.

  Think here.

  Anton Salinger couldn't help turning his head to look at Xu Yun, re-examined his nominal "disciple", and said to Te Hooft who had rushed to his side again:

   "Gerald, you are the best at counting among us, please excuse me."

   Without further words, Te Hooft understood his thoughts:

   "OK, leave it to me."

   Finished speaking.

  The big man with a huge bald spot on his forehead picked up a pen and quickly did calculations.

  The spin with mass vector field belongs to the category of quantization calculation, and the core is the plane wave solution of the E-L equation.

  Then verify that the completeness relation holds for the z-axis parallel to the momentum direction, and the spin of the mass vector field can be easily calculated by taking the conditions of easy quantization of the three polarization vectors.

   Swish Swish Swish—

   Since the data is complete, Te Hooft's calculation is very fast.

  It was only a few minutes before and after.

  He paused the tip of his pen, raised his head and gave Anton Salinger a look of unknown meaning, then turned his head to Witten and said:

   "Edward, what Xu said is correct. According to our thinking, the calculated spin of the vector field is 1/2."

  In an instant, needles can be heard all around.

  The cameraman at the scene cleverly zoomed in and captured the expressions of each big shot.

surprise,

Puzzled,

  question,

   anger,

   Different expressions appeared on the faces of scholars from different camps.

   It has been said in the first few dozen lines above.

  At present, the fields of elementary particles discovered by the physics community are only scalar fields, spinor fields, and vector fields, all of which satisfy the Lorentz symmetry.

  The spinor field corresponds to the particles with spin 1/2, that is, 48 ​​kinds of fermions.

  The vector field corresponds to the particle whose spin is 1, that is, 12 kinds of bosons.

   That is to say, the spin value of the vector field that can be described must be 1, and it can never be 1/2.

   Still take the starting point boutique badge mentioned before as an example.

  The average order requirement for the boutique badge is 3000 average subscriptions, that is, books with more than 3000 average subscriptions can enter the boutique library.

   In other words.

  A book with 400 orders is impossible to have a boutique badge, and it is impossible to be retrieved by the boutique library.

  A high-quality product is equal to or greater than three thousand, and vice versa is not a high-quality product. This is an iron law—not only the iron law of the database, but also a concept that exists in the reader's cognition.

  What Te Hooft discovered at this time is equivalent to finding a novel with 400 subscriptions in the boutique channel.

   In this case, there is either a problem with the eyes.

   Either

  An error occurred in the framework program for indexing books.

  This situation is combined with the current reality, that is.

  Including Witten, the frameworks calculated by the other eight groups do not conform to the characteristics of Pluto particles.

   It is not only Tehooft who realizes this, but also David Gross and Nima.

as well as

  Atsuto Suzuki.

   Gollum—

  The top boss from Neon swallowed heavily, and from the corner of his eye, he caught sight of several cameras turning their lenses towards him.

  Although there is no physical attack, he has really experienced what it means to be like a man on his back.

  All the ridicule he had directed at Xu Yun before, all of which were ruthlessly reflected on himself at this time.

clown

  It was me?

impossible!

   Absolutely impossible!

  A row of fine beads of sweat instantly appeared on Suzuki Attsuto's forehead. The old Baga, who looked as if he could burp at any time, started to spin his mind rapidly.

   A few seconds passed.

  He suddenly thought of something, and the decibels of his voice increased a lot:

   "Wait! Mathematics is mathematics after all. Perhaps the particle still obeys the vector rotation basis of finite angle on the physical level-there is a precedent for this situation."

   "For example, the four-dimensional linear element of mass in electrodynamics is like this. After introducing some variations, it still conforms to the mathematical formula. Who can guarantee that the particle will not be like this?"

  Atsuto Suzuki's remarks aroused the approval of many people at the scene.

   Some of these people are unwilling to lose face like this, and are unwilling to admit failure sloppily.

  Some of them simply agree with Atsuto Suzuki.

  After all, the history of the development of the two disciplines of mathematics and physics, in a sense, is actually their respective history of optimization and self-consistency.

  Even in 2023, many physical phenomena still cannot be completely solved by mathematics, such as quantum collapse.

   As said before.

  Any physical phenomenon must be described and explained by mathematics in the end, but the node of this "explanation" may be very long.

   Probably decades ago.

   Probably decades later.

   Probably today.

   Could be the next chapter too. Ahem, tomorrow.

  So regardless of political color and character, what Suzuki Atsuto said does have some truth.

  Based on the current level of human mathematics development, pure mathematics is not yet able to determine everything.

   It is often the norm to find the abnormality first, and then optimize and introduce the abnormal points.

  See this scenario.

  Witten couldn't help but glance at Atsuto Suzuki:

   "So Mr. Suzuki, you mean"

  Atsuto Suzuki looked back at him, and waved his hand vigorously, as if to cheer himself up:

   "The Fermi surface data of the Academy of Sciences group and our other eight groups are different, which means that the theoretical energy levels of the particles must also be different."

   "So I think we can first determine the theoretical energy levels of the particles under the two frameworks, and then"

   "Look at which energy level you can capture that particle!"

Chapter end