Into Unscientific Chapter 623

be honest.

 Due to the limitations of concepts, technology and other factors of this era, the processes in many laboratories in the 221 Base are actually not standardized.

For example, the biochemical laboratory that Liu Youcheng is responsible for.

In addition to studying donkey hair and apocrine secretions, that laboratory is also responsible for various complex and even high-risk research projects.

 For example, the research and development and synthesis of flammable and explosive materials, highly corrosive or highly toxic substances, etc.

 But even for those high-risk projects, the protective equipment Liu Youcheng and his colleagues only provided were masks and cotton lab coats—nothing else, such as goggles and high-clean rooms, was available.

Xu Yun once even saw Liu Youcheng himself carrying cigarettes and matches in his pocket. This kind of behavior would probably prevent graduate students from graduating in future generations.

no way.

Although this point in time has broken away from the category of 'modern times', it is still different from the true modern concept.

Because of this, Xu Yun originally thought that the tandem electrostatic accelerator's warehouse would be similar to Liu Youcheng's laboratory, but after entering the laboratory, he realized that he seemed to have thought wrong.

When Xu Yun and others entered the factory, what they saw was not the tandem accelerator operating table, but a special ventilation room.

There are two fans on both sides of the ventilation room. Every base leader who enters the factory must be blown through before entering the next location.

This model is somewhat similar to later air showers. Although it does not have equipment like rotating spray balls, it is very close in principle.

 After passing through this youth version of the air shower room.

The base is also equipped with latex gloves and white work clothes. The work clothes have a strong smell of disinfectant - it was not produced in 1984, so this thing must be Lysol.

 Lysol, also known as cresol soap or cresol soap, is a medium-effective disinfectant. Its name is derived from the transliteration of Lysol.

 Lysol is a real rarity these days, and even workers' hospitals don't use it very frequently.

This is probably the most delicate cleaning process Xu Yun has ever seen in his time travel. In a sense, this already has some of the prototypes required for later laboratories.

This is undoubtedly a good thing. Although these processes are somewhat complicated and cumbersome, they are actually indispensable processes.

 More than ten minutes later.

 Xu Yun, Lao Guo and others, who had finished dressing up, were just put into a standard room.

The area of ​​this room is about 80 square meters. The layout is a standard rectangle, and the visual inspection is about 4X20.

At the same time, the house is divided into left and right sides with the door as the central axis. There is a set of military green operation desks placed on the ground on both sides. The height of the operation desk is about one meter, and many buttons and indicator lights can be seen on it.

Behind the operating table is a piece of transparent glass, and a huge piece of equipment is placed on the other side of the glass:

This device is like a recorder placed horizontally. On the far left is a circular chassis. The area of ​​the chassis exceeds all other structures.

To the right of the chassis is a cylinder about three meters high. The bottom of the cylinder is connected to a circular pipe more than ten meters long, with a diameter of about 1.5 meters. The pipe is wrapped with a large number of silver-white coils.

 At the far right end of the pipe is a large number of indicators and square iron boxes. In addition, you can also see some hydraulic equipment similar to water pipes.

 “Everyone.”

Seeing everyone locking their eyes on this set of equipment as soon as they entered the room, Zhao Zhongyao, who had been silent before, spoke:

“Comrades, let me formally introduce to you that the room we are in is the operation room specially prepared for this tandem accelerator.”

“The two sets of equipment on the left and right sides of the room are the operating consoles of the accelerator, which can perform operations such as timing, equipment startup, and command input.”

“As for the equipment behind the operating room, which is on the other side of the glass, it is naturally the main body of the accelerator.”

 Hear this.

 Many leaders looked at the pipe equipment behind the glass again.

These eyes include inquiry, expectation, confusion, but also questioning.

  After all, particle accelerators are really an extremely unpopular concept these days, and there are even fewer relevant researchers than scholars working on nuclear weapons.

When Zhao Zhongyao was working on the electrostatic accelerator, some leaders of the ministries and commissions even thought it was an enhanced version of power transmission equipment that could use static electricity to generate electricity.

 Therefore, it is normal for some leaders to have doubts about the so-called "accelerator can analyze the nature of the world".

 Compared with the complex emotions of other leaders, Xu Yun's eyes were purely curious.

As a practitioner who was engaged in particle physics in his previous life, Xu Yun had often heard the name of this tandem electrostatic accelerator named PICK by the University of Cambridge—because it is so special.

 Mentioned earlier.

 Particle accelerators can be divided into two major categories: rotational accelerators and linear accelerators.

Rotating accelerator, also known as a cyclotron, uses an electromagnetic field to accelerate particles, and its orbit is a circle. For example, the synchrotron of the LHC, the world's largest particle collider, is of this type.

 A linear accelerator is a straight line that uses electromagnetic fields and electron traps to accelerate particles.

The history of linear accelerators can be traced back to 1931, when Van de Graaf invented the electrostatic accelerator, which can achieve proton energy of 1.5MeV.

However, the history of tandem accelerators is much later. It was not until the success of negative ion sources and atomic stripping technology that the world's first tandem accelerator was invented.

If the electrostatic accelerator is regarded as Huawei mate30, then the series electrostatic accelerator is the pro version of mate30.

 Why do you say that the PICK tandem accelerator is special?

 Because before this accelerator was produced, the highest energy level tandem accelerator in the world was only 13.4MeV.

At that time, there were about seven or eight devices in the 13.4MeV range, all of which were struggling in the 10-13 range.

As a result, the University of Cambridge somehow got into trouble and came up with this accelerator that can reach 80MeV.

This is not over yet.

This accelerator is also the first in human history to discover W and Z bosons, the first to verify J particles, and the first to complete magnetic field focusing.

 In a sense.

This accelerator is equivalent to the iPhone 4 launched by Steve Jobs that year, opening up a new field.

  It's a pity that this accelerator has been retired for an unknown number of years in 2023. Xu Yun only heard about it by name but could not see its true appearance.

So now that this accelerator appeared in front of him, Xu Yun was not curious that it was impossible.

While Xu Yun was observing the accelerator, Li Jue on the side raised his hand like a curious baby:

“Comrade Zhongyao, I have a question. How does this particle accelerator you mentioned accelerate those particles?”

“I heard Lida and others say before when they were doing chain analysis that the life span of particles is generally very short, so how do you ensure that particles can continue to exist?”

 Hearing what Li Jue said.

Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang next to him looked at each other, with a slight smile on their faces at the same time.

 As the head of the experimental department of the base, Wang Ganchang has often heard people ask this question in the past.

Then Zhao Zhongyao looked at Wang Ganchang and said, "You tell me." Wang Ganchang started popular science for Li Jue:

“Director Li, what you mean by particle lifetime actually refers to the time that particles exist in the air.”

“The particles in our particle accelerator mainly come from the ion source. They are injected into the acceleration pipe through the injector and move at high speed. The experiment can be completed before they decay.”

“The negative ion beam is generated from the negative ion source. After pre-acceleration and analysis, the magnet is injected into an accelerating tube of the tandem accelerator. Since the high-voltage electrode of the accelerator is positive, it attracts the negative ions, and the particles are accelerated once in the direction of the high-voltage electrode.”

"When the negative ions enter the high-voltage electrode, they are transformed into positive ions with N charge units through the charge stripper. Then the positive ions enter the second accelerating tube and are repulsed by the positive high voltage, and are accelerated a second time. .”

“The particles after two accelerations have gained enough energy, and at the same time their lifespan does not exceed the decay time, so the experiment can be completed naturally.”

Xu Yun on the side also nodded in agreement when he heard this.

 Particle lifetime.

 This is actually a concept that is easily misunderstood in particle accelerators.

For example, when Xu Yun wrote novels in his previous life, he happened to write about the plot of accelerators in the 1960s, so some readers expressed confusion - how were particles preserved at the technological level at that time?

This is actually a very serious mistake. Even in 2023, when Xu Yun traveled back in time, most particles cannot be preserved for a long time.

 Note that the "long term" here is not days or hours, but seconds.

Xu Yun can extend the life of isolated point particles to more than four hours. This is already an extremely rare thing. You can probably only see it in novels.

 Nearly all particle accelerators use particles that are not stored in stock, but are generated in real time by various means.

 So even in the current era of particle accelerators, there is no problem of particle transportation and storage—it's not that the technology is immature, but that there is no such concept at all.

 After listening to Wang Ganchang's explanation, Li Jue also touched his chin as if he didn't understand:

“I see. I understand, this is what co-authorship is about.”

Lao Guo next to Xu Yun glanced sideways at Li Jue, just pretend.

Zhao Zhongyao then led everyone to the wall on the left, where a relatively simple structural diagram of an accelerator was hung.

Zhao Zhongyao picked up a feather duster from the table nearby and used it as a pointer to introduce the drawings:

“Comrades, this is the structure diagram of the accelerator sent by Cambridge. We also assembled it according to this diagram.”

“This tandem accelerator is a horizontal linear accelerator. Its structure is a high-voltage generator equipped with an ion source, an accelerating tube, an analyzer, a voltage stabilization and control system, and a vacuum system.”

“The terminal voltage of the accelerator is 15 megavolts, the height of the high-voltage generator is 3.2 meters, and the length of the accelerating tube is 17.6 meters.”

“The high-voltage generator contains high-voltage gas with good insulation properties, and the insulating pillars are equipped with components such as voltage dividing rings and corona needle assemblies.”

"In the entire acceleration process, first, the positive ion beam generated by the positive ion source must be transformed into a neutral beam through the charge neutralization pipe, and then injected into the two-stage tandem accelerator with negative high-voltage electrodes. The first accelerating tube will not accelerate. ."

"When the particles arrive inside the high-voltage electrode, by adding electron channels, the neutral beam becomes a negative ion beam. The first acceleration is completed in the second accelerating tube, and the last two accelerations are performed by a two-stage series of positive high-voltage electrodes. accelerator to get the job done.”

Looking at Zhao Zhongyao who was talking eloquently, Xu Yun's brows furrowed slightly.

There is nothing wrong with the principle mentioned by Zhao Zhongyao. A tandem accelerator is exactly what it sounds like, it is an electrostatic accelerator that uses multiple components connected in series.

This kind of series structure usually has two sections, and sometimes there are three or even four sections.

 From an architectural point of view.

The two ends of the tandem accelerator are at ground potential, and the transmission chain driven by the motor transports positive charges to the high-voltage electrode.

 The negative ions generated by the ion source are accelerated in the accelerating tube. When they reach the high-voltage end charge exchange chamber, they are stripped of charge and become positive ions, and then they can continue to accelerate in another accelerating tube.

 Generally, the total equivalent accelerating voltage can be several times higher than that of ordinary electrostatic accelerators.

  But I don't know why.

Xu Yun always felt that something was strange, but for a while he seemed to be unable to put his finger on it.

 After a while.

Zhao Zhongyao finally finished introducing the structure of the tandem electrostatic accelerator. Except for Li Jue, the big guys at the scene basically had some connection with theoretical physics. Therefore, most people understood what Zhao Zhongyao said and were interested in the tandem electrostatic accelerator. We have a general understanding of electrostatic accelerators.

 See this situation.

Zhao Zhongyao's disciple Cheng Kaijia couldn't help rubbing his hands and said to Zhao Zhongyao:

“Teacher, in that case, let's try to turn on the phone now, shall we?”

Hearing this, Zhao Zhongyao turned his head and looked at Li Jue. After receiving Li Jue's approval, he also nodded:

“Okay, the purpose of inviting everyone here today is to try out this equipment. Now that everything that needs to be introduced has been introduced, let's start the trial run.”

 “Xiao Wang, get ready, it will turn on in twenty minutes!”

Wang Ganchang nodded when he heard this:

"clear!"

 After saying that, he turned around and prepared to leave the room from the air shower room and go to the equipment room opposite the glass to make preparations.

Just when Wang Ganchang walked to the edge of the air shower room.

Looking at the whirring fan in the air shower room, a flash of lightning suddenly flashed in Xu Yun's mind.

 I saw him suddenly holding the handle of the wheelchair and shouting loudly:

 “Comrade Wang Jing, please wait a moment!”

Wang Ganchang couldn't help but stop when he saw this, and looked at Xu Yun in confusion:

 “Consultant Han, what's the matter?”

Xu Yun was silent for a few seconds, turned his head to confirm the icon on the wall, then took a deep breath and said word by word:

 “Comrade Wang Jing, you can't turn on the phone!”

"because."

 “There's something wrong with the blueprint the British guy gave me!”

Note:

 The experiment has reached the most critical stage in the past few days. Ten sets of materials have been installed for sintering, so the update may be unstable. I hope everyone can forgive me. It should be back to normal in a few days.

Chapter end