Into Unscientific Chapter 415

  Chapter 415 Word Games (This chapter contains half of popular science NIF controllable nuclear fusion, please subscribe as appropriate)

  In the conference room.

  Looking at Hou Xingyuan with a subtle expression on his face.

  Xu Yun and the others finally showed an expression of enlightenment.

I see

   No wonder the whole project has an inexplicable sense of urgency from beginning to end.

   The co-author is that there are several waves of offensive from the outside world.

after awhile.

  Xu Yun suddenly thought of something, couldn't help showing a trace of curiosity on his face, and asked Hou Xingyuan:

   "Dean Hou, CERN and Kamioka Laboratory are easy to talk about, why is it related to NIF?"

   "If I remember correctly, they don't deal with elementary particles, do they?"

   Hear this statement.

  Lu Chaoyang and the others also nodded slightly.

   This is also their doubt.

  The CERN that Hou Xingyuan mentioned refers to the European Organization for Nuclear Research, which is the largest particle physics laboratory in the world.

The discovery of   W and Z bosons is the classic record of CERN.

  In addition, it is also the birthplace of the world's first website, the first web server, the first browser, and the first **** live broadcast platform.

  As for the right-handed neutrinos, it involves the chiral characteristics of neutrinos.

  Although today's neutrinos have been excluded from the standard cold dark matter, they have been classified into the hot dark matter.

   But just like the example cited earlier.

  Although the orangutan is not an ape, it is indeed the creature closest to the concept of an ape.

  So many people now hold such a guess:

  Ordinary neutrinos may be hot dark matter, so as its chiral particles, will right-handed neutrinos be cold dark matter?

   It's just that the research on right-handed neutrinos or inert neutrinos has been fruitless, so this stuff is also an idealized model after all.

  With the relevant accumulation of CERN, it is not surprising that there has been a breakthrough.

   Not to mention the Kamioka Laboratory.

  The neon people have crazily competed with dark matter over the years, and they were born between cold dark matter and hot dark matter, and came up with the definition of warm dark matter.

   That is, the moving speed is enough to produce the relativistic effect, but it is still far away from the speed of light in vacuum. In the standard model, it only participates in the gravitational interaction particles.

  The abbreviation of this thing is WDM, the cold dark matter is called CDM, and the hot dark matter is called HDM.

  Although Kamioka Laboratory is not a scientific research body that belongs to a continent like CERN, its early results are there, and it is reasonable to make some breakthroughs.

only

  Either CERN or Kamioka Laboratory.

  They study microscopic particles.

   But what NIF is building is a nuclear fusion device. What is the purpose of mixing it in at this time?

  Looking at the curious Xu Yun, Hou Xingyuan hesitated for a moment, then said:

   "Xiao Xu, in fact, we don't want to. The key is that there are too many readers asking questions in the group. Ahem, all in all, your thinking is still too limited."

  Xu Yun was slightly taken aback:

   "Limitation?"

  Hou Xingyuan nodded, and did not rush to explain, but asked rhetorically:

   "Xiao Xu, let me ask you first, what do you think about NIF?"

  Xu Yun touched his chin, and four words came out of his mouth:

"Word games."

"Word games?"

  A smile flashed across Hou Xingyuan's eyes, and he couldn't help pointing at him with his fingers:

   "You really dare to say this word, aren't you afraid that if it spreads out, you won't be able to lose?"

  Xu Yun shook his head seriously when he heard the words, and said calmly:

  "If the NIF thing can really come true, it means that direction is feasible."

   "Although magnetic confinement and inertial confinement are two different things in a strict sense, this will only strengthen our determination to cross the river by feeling the stones. What is there to lose?"

   "But the problem is. This news really has a lot of word games."

  When I said this.

  Xu Yun's tone did not mean to be joking at all.

  Because he really thought so in his heart.

   Undeniable.

  We are lagging behind or even in a disadvantaged state in many fields with the opposite side of the sea, but this does not mean that all the news on the opposite side of the sea can be blown to the sky.

   When he first arrived in Rongcheng yesterday, he saw some reports related to NIF from the Internet.

   It's just not as deep as Hou Xingyuan's understanding.

   Actually.

  Started in 2010.

  NIF will spread some news almost every few years, and it is far from the first time to engage in word games.

Notice.

   It's a play on words, not a fake by NIF.

  For example, as early as 2013, NIF reported that Q was greater than 1 once, and the "light energy absorbed by the fuel ball" was used at that time.

   "Science" deliberately refuted the rumors at the beginning, the website science.org/content/article/fusion-breakthrough-nif-uh-not-really, add a 3W in front to read directly,

   This year is indeed a little different from 2013, but we still played a word game.

  Where is this text point?

  Look at its content first:

  【NIF's laser fusion equipment used 2.1 megajoules of laser energy to trigger a fusion reaction that released 2.5 megajoules of energy on December 5, 2022 local time, and the Q index reached 1.2】

   Then there are a bunch of people tearing up.

  Supporters say this is the first step for mankind, an epoch-making breakthrough.

  Opponents say that Q1.2 is useless, it needs to reach 20 to be commercially available, and there are still 50 years before commercial use, etc.

  But unfortunately, the above pros and cons are actually wrong.

  Because NIF played a word game on the definition of power gain.

   Actually.

  This 1.2 times refers to the ratio of the energy of the neutrons produced by fusion divided by the energy of the input laser, not the ratio of output electrical energy to input electrical energy.

  This is not intentionally chewing on words or making excuses, but because there is actually an unspoken rule in which the fusion industry has always exaggerated achievements:

  Defining the energy gain in this way can show that the energy gain is larger, and it is much larger—including domestically.

   The conversion efficiency from neutrons to electrical energy can be very high, but the conversion efficiency from electrical energy to laser at the input end is actually very low.

   And according to its physical principles, this energy conversion efficiency will always be very low.

Normally.

  A laser with 10% efficiency can be regarded as Zenith Star technology.

   Here's another numerical example:

  The difference between these two definitions makes the difference in energy gain by as much as 125 times.

  If the calculation starts from electric energy instead of laser energy, then the energy gain achieved by NIF is only 0.008.

   Undeniable.

  There must be progress, but there is no need to complain about people cheating, or diss domestic only for obsession - last year we also produced carbon dioxide synthetic starch.

   What's more, inertial constraints are more for weapons and nuclear tests, and it is unlikely to be used for nuclear fusion power generation.

  That is to say, there is almost no so-called saying that Q greater than 20 can be used commercially—the ones that are directly oriented to nuclear fusion power generation are tokamak and stellarator.

   If one day the long-term energy output is greater than the input on the magnetic confinement device, and the energy can be collected, that will be big news.

   Compared with NIF, we should pay more attention to the JT-60SA of Neon.

All right.

  The line of sight returns to reality.

  Looking at the calm Xu Yun, Hou Xingyuan couldn't help but also smiled.

   Then he thought about it, and explained:

   "Xiao Xu, what you said is very correct, but do you know why I said your thinking is still too limited?"

  Xu Yun shook his head.

  Seeing this, Hou Xingyuan turned his head to look at Academician Pan. Academician Pan blinked knowingly, and said to Xu Yun:

   "Xiao Xu, you can't just look at this matter from the perspective of scientific research, you can also think about it from other angles."

   "For example, do you remember what happened on the other side of the sea before and after the NIF article was published in 2013? - You are a biology student, so you should have an impression of that incident, right?"

"13 years?"

  Xu Yun was taken aback again, but this time he quickly realized:

   "You are talking about funding."

  Academician Pan smiled and nodded.

  Xu Yun thought carefully for a few seconds before he understood what Academician Pan meant.

I see

  In 2013.

  The main reason why NIF dared to publish the article at the risk of being officially slapped in the face by "science" was because in early October 2013, across the sea, the Federation and Parliament had a quarrel over the debt problem and the annual budget.

   Eventually led to the closure of most of the U.S. federal government agencies, and the funding of various scientific research institutions in the United States was slashed.

  For example, the funding of NIH, which is the National Institutes of Health across the sea, has been greatly reduced.

  At that time, this incident triggered many biological scientists to march and protest on Capitol Hill, so Academician Pan said that Xu Yun should have an impression.

  And if you push this year forward a bit, you will find that .

  On December 8th, Across the Sea began to discuss the annual budget for scientific research funding in 2023.

  As well as the previous years of 2015 and 2017, almost all "huge breakthroughs" were made at similar nodes.

  This is also the reason why it is clearly the Q of 1.008, but insists on saying it is 1.2. If it is really a breakthrough in the concept of scientific research, 1.008 will be more topical.

   Also just a week ago.

  The rabbits have just signed a 34-item cooperation agreement with the camel, and the person who came forward is still a big man who is too big to be bigger.

  Although the result is not as exaggerated as the online report of using Huaxia currency to settle oil, it is still a big business of more than 30 billion dollars.

  This is a matter of energy.

  Think here.

  Xu Yun couldn't help rubbing his temples.

   No wonder Hou Xingyuan said that his thinking is too limited.

  I can only say the funniest sentence in the new century, that scientific research has nothing to do with politics.

after awhile.

  After Xu Yun and others had almost digested the situation, Hou Xingyuan took a sip of his teacup again, and continued:

   "Okay, let's end the topic of NIF first, and it's almost enough for everyone to know about the situation."

   "Now let's take our attention back and talk about the release of the orphan particle report."

   Hear this statement.

  Academician Pan and the others immediately straightened their expressions.

   Then Academician Pan and Zhao Zhengguo looked at each other, and Academician Pan asked:

   "Dean, what will the Academy of Sciences do next?"

  Hou Xingyuan knocked on the table a few times with his index finger, then remained silent for a few seconds, and said after deliberation:

   "To tell you the truth, before coming to Jinping, the Academy of Sciences actually made two preparations."

   "One is that the lone particle is thermal dark matter or baryon dark matter, then we should be relatively stable and focus on conservation."

   "That is, we can hedge the heat with Kamioka and CERN, and keep the results of our public opinion war."

   "But now that the lonely point particle is the standard cold dark matter, our plan is completely different."

  Xu Yun and the others didn't express anything when they heard the words, but they all nodded in their hearts.

   Mentioned earlier.

  The definition of cold, warm and hot dark matter is a model defined under the framework of non-baryon dark matter.

  Since there is non-baryon dark matter, then naturally there is baryon dark matter.

  Baryon dark matter participates in electromagnetic interaction, so it is generally considered to be the real "matter" on the macroscopic scale.

  For example, very thin interstellar molecular clouds, nearby interstellar planets and brown dwarfs lacking light sources, distant massive dense celestial bodies in the Halo family, etc.

   That is to classify from the value.

  Baryon dark matter is the lowest, even lower than thermal dark matter, and it belongs to the things that are too far away to be discovered.

  So if the lone point particle belongs to such a property, then it is obvious that stability should be the main factor.

  After all, the previous public opinion incident was already a big victory, and many victories have not been fully digested so far, so there is no need to do it again.

  But now that the solitary particle is determined to be the standard cold dark matter, then everything is another matter.

   Said here.

  Academician Pan couldn't sit still anymore, swallowed, and couldn't help asking Hou Xingyuan:

   "Dean Hou, since that's the case, when will we hold a press conference? Or in the next few days?"

  Unexpectedly, Hou Xingyuan waved his hand at him, and shook his head slightly:

   "Xiao Pan, don't worry, I don't know if you have heard a word."

   "What words?"

   "I'll let you run thirty-nine meters first, if you miss it, I'll lose."

In fact, I only arranged for Kamioka and CERN to have technological breakthroughs at the beginning. NIF has almost nothing to do with this plot, but many readers are asking, and many groups are discussing and even arguing at the same time (and all the key points are wrong), so I Just temporarily inserted such a piece of popular science.

   Except for NIF, there is no need to benchmark against reality.

   In addition, the nucleic acid results came out. I didn't win the bid, but I caught a cold.

  (end of this chapter)

Chapter end