Into Unscientific Chapter 550

Chapter 550: Dig and dig in the small base, bury big seeds and steal other people's homes!

Looking at Ye Duzheng, who looked like he had been waiting for a long time.

Xu Yun was just slightly startled, then nodded quickly and said:

“Okay, Director Ye has given instructions, how dare I, a little soldier, disobey him?”

Ye Duzheng heard this and waved his hands quickly:

“Hey, Comrade Han Li, you are joking.”

 Then he looked around, pointed to a stone table under the shade of a tree, and said:

“Comrade Han Li, why don't we go there and have a chat? There are chairs and the sun is not too bright.”

 Xu Yun has no objection.

 At the same time, he looked away from Ye Duzheng.

 He couldn't help but glance at the middle-aged man standing next to Ye Duzheng.

This man is about forty or fifty years old and dressed simply.

 The hair on the forehead is sparse, the apples of the skin are prominent, and there are some faint buck teeth.

Do not know why.

Although Xu Yun did not recognize this person's identity, he always felt that the other person looked vaguely familiar.

 If nothing unexpected happens.

 This should also be a named person.

However, the other person's appearance was not so distinct that Lu Guangda and Lao Guo could recognize his identity at a glance, so Xu Yun could only temporarily suppress this feeling back to the bottom of his heart.

Anyway, we are going to chat next, and Ye Duzheng should introduce the identity of the other party.

 The stone table was less than thirty meters away from where the few people were sitting. It was obvious that this was a place specially chosen by Ye Duzheng.

 Come prepared.jpg.

 The people then walked for a while and soon arrived at the stone table.

Ye Duzheng and the strange man first blew the dust off the stool twice, dusted off the fallen leaves, and then sat down directly.

 After taking a seat.

Ye Duzheng coughed lightly, patted the middle-aged man next to him on the shoulder, and introduced to Xu Yun:

“Comrade Han Li, let me introduce to you. This is my good friend from Yanjing, Comrade Qian Yi.”

“He is the workshop supervisor of the base boiler plant. He is currently responsible for some projects related to water heating. He stopped by and came out with me today.”

 Qian Yi?

 Hear this name.

Xu Yun's eyebrows were raised heavily under the bandage.

　　mentioned a long time ago.

 Ordinary workers in Factory 221 today may not be so mysterious, but scientific researchers basically use pseudonyms.

 So from the moment I knew I came to Factory 221.

 Xu Yun had a very solid consciousness in his heart:

 After hearing a person's name, first suspect that it is a fake name.

The middle-aged man Xu Yun in front of him was vaguely familiar, and it was obvious that he could not be an unknown person.

  In other words.

 Qian Yi must also be a pseudonym!

However, most people's pseudonyms generally do not change their surnames, that is, most of the other people's surnames are Qian.

etc!

Your last name is Qian?

Think of this.

Xu Yun stayed at the other party's plump apple muscles and hairstyle for another two seconds, and a guess suddenly appeared in his heart.

 Maybe this is it.

 Academician Qian Bingqiong among the three coins?

 Xu Yun then quietly looked at "Qian Yi" a few more times, becoming more and more sure of his judgment.

  After all, this apple-shaped skin and hair volume are so representative.

 This is a real boss.

 Qian Bingqiong was one of the main instigators of China's nuclear industry and one of the earliest academic members of China—later academicians. His wife He Zehui was also a well-known female academician.

　　　 Done.

 When later generations talk about the famous Three Qians, many people often think that Qian Bingqiong, Qian Weichang and Qian Xuesen are related by blood.

 But in fact, these three money are not father and son brothers, they are just branches of the same surname.

 For example, the branch of Qian Bingqiong is the Huzhou Qian family.

Mr. Qian Xuesen's family belongs to the Qian family in Hangcheng.

Mr. Qian Weichang belongs to the Qian family of Liangxi.

 Among them, the Qian family of Liangxi also produced Qian Jibo and Qian Zhongshu, a father and son pair. Counting local family members, there were a total of dozens of Chinese academicians - this is really not an exaggeration.

For example, Qian Zhonghan, Qian Linzhao, Qian Lingxi, and Qian Yitai are all direct descendants or branches of the Qian family in Liangxi. If you write out all their names, I guess some idiot author will be scolded.

alright.

Looking back to reality.

At this time, Qian Bingqiong was sitting next to Ye Duzheng with a smile. He looked like an ordinary boiler worker or a passerby.

Hence, Xu Yun had no choice but to pretend to know nothing and nodded to Qian Bingqiong, which was regarded as a greeting.

 After finishing polite remarks.

Xu Yun turned his eyes to Ye Duzheng again and asked him hesitantly:

“Director Ye, I don't know why you came to see me today.”

Ye Duzheng was silent for a moment after hearing this, sighed slightly sadly, and said:

“Comrade Han Li, to tell you the truth, I came here specifically to answer your questions today.”

Xu Yun blinked:

 “Resolve doubts?”

Ye Duzheng did not directly explain the reason, but first raised a question:

“Comrade Han Li, my mentor is called Carl Gustave Rossby. I wonder if you have heard of this name?”

 “Rossby?”

Xu Yun blinked and recalled:

“The one who studies atmospheric turbulence and boundary layer theory? The Rossby radius is also very famous, but I can't remember clearly whether he is from Germany or Sweden.”

 It's a coincidence.

As a non-meteorological physics practitioner, Xu Yun only knew three or five meteorologists—of course, excluding Chinese seniors such as Ye Duzheng and Zhu Kezhen.

 And among these three or five people, Rossby happened to be there.

  After all, this big guy introduced wave theory into meteorology and is a very famous physicist in modern meteorology.

 In a sense.

His fame is almost as famous as that of Pieknis.

 In addition, the Rossby radius is also a very well-known physical concept and has been widely used in later generations.

 “That's right, it's him, a Swede.”

Ye Duzheng raised his brows and seemed a little happy that Xu Yun had heard about his mentor:

“Instructor Rossby is also one of the proposers of numerical weather prediction and has worked at both MIT and the University of Chicago.”

“He returned to Stockholm ten years ago and served as the director of the Meteorological Center at Stockholm University. He died of illness four years ago.”

 Finish this.

The memory in Ye Duzheng's eyes faded slightly, replaced by a complex look:

“Instructor Rossby has always believed that the atmosphere above our heads is a random system. The so-called solution to the atmospheric wave equation is actually just an approximate solution rather than an exact solution.”

“This is also a very mainstream view in the world. Even for a long time, I have held this attitude.”

"but."

 Speaking of which.

Ye Duzheng couldn't help but glance at Xu Yun, exhaled a breath, and said:

“But after Comrade Han Li helped me build that model, I feel more and more that this theory is not correct.”

“I always feel that the atmospheric system is not completely random, but another very mysterious situation that can be calculated and controlled.”

 “More importantly, I did an experiment a few days ago.”

Xu Yun was startled again and asked subconsciously:

 “What experiment?”

Ye Duzheng pondered for a moment and picked up his briefcase from his side.

He rummaged through it a few times, quickly took out a black notebook, and handed it to Xu Yun:

“Comrade Han Li, take a look at this.”

 Then realizing that Xu Yun might not be able to pick up heavy objects yet, Ye Duzheng deliberately turned the notebook to the page he wanted to show.

Xu Yun lowered his head and glanced for a few times, then raised his head in surprise:

“Director Ye, are these the simulation results of two meteorological data?”

"Yes."

Ye Du had a very solemn expression on his face. He pointed at the data above and explained:

“To be precise, this is the simulation result obtained from two sets of extremely small difference data.”

“The circulation field parameters of the first data are 1.14514, and the parameters of the second data were rounded by me to 1.1452. The remaining 19 sets of data are all the same.”

“However, even with such a small difference, the final derivation results are thousands of miles apart.”

“The weather will be sunny within seven hours in the former, but there will be a heavy rainstorm in three hours in the latter.”

 Ye Duzheng didn't even notice it himself.

　　His fingers were trembling a little when he said these words.

 In fact, as early as a week ago, on the night when the data model was derived, Ye Duzheng and Tao Shiyan had talked about some things.

 At that time, he even gave his guess a name, called Taisu System.

 But at that time, Ye Duzheng was more inclined to a conjecture without much actual evidence to support it.

 The reason that prompted him to have this idea was not the data or phenomenon, but the unprecedented meteorological model he established with the help of Xu Yun.

 Yet just a few days ago.

 An accident happened.

 At that time, in view of the huge contribution made by the Meteorological Center in weather forecasting, the superior department took the initiative to offer material rewards to the members of the Meteorological Center.

 After declaring rewards to the collective.

Ye Duzheng suddenly made a request out of nowhere:

He personally does not need any reward. He just hopes that the capital can spare a small part of the computing power of 104 computers to help him simulate the calculation results. The entire derivation process will only change one parameter.

After evaluation, the superior department believed that this request was not excessive, and allowed Machine 104 to cooperate with him to conduct a simulation.

 However, what I didn't expect was that

  The results obtained from the two initial parameters of 1.14514 and 1.1452 are as different as the hair volume of Zhu Shimao and Chen Peisi!

This result also alarmed Mr. Zhu Kezhen in the capital, so Mr. Zhu changed his mind and intercepted the parameters from the middle part to modify the simulation.

Although the modification of non-initial parameters this time still resulted in some changes in the results, the degree of difference was far less than that of the first time.

  In other words.

 The model constructed by Ye Duzheng is extremely sensitive to initial conditions.

At the same time, this sensitivity is not completely random, but a more complex discrete state—otherwise, Zhu Lao's experimental results should be equally skewed.

Think of this.

 Ye Duzheng couldn't help but take a deep breath and said to Xu Yun:

“Comrade Han Li, you know the principles of meteorological Doppler radar very well, and your knowledge of meteorological data is deeper than mine.”

“So I came to see you today just to ask you one thing: what is the state of our atmospheric system?”

“Is it extremely accurate, or is it completely random? Or is it some approximation that is infinitely close to accuracy?”

Looking at Ye Duzheng who looked confused.

 Xu Yun couldn't help but feel a strong sense of surprise in his heart.

If the weather Doppler radar was the back-up solution he had considered at the time of the damper.

So Ye Duzheng's situation at this time was completely beyond his expectation, and could even be said to be far out of his control.

 At least Xu Yun would not think of it anyway.

Ye Duzheng actually skipped numerical weather prediction and ran directly towards it.

 Chaotic system!

 That's right.

 Chaotic system!

 It is well known.

 The modern physics community's understanding of the world is progressive, and versions are constantly being optimized and updated.

 First of all, Einstein's theory of relativity broke Maverick's absolute view of space and time.

 Then the establishment of quantum mechanics revealed the randomness and uncertainty of the movement of microscopic particles.

 The third stage is the current period.

  That is, the study of randomness in a deterministic framework, leading to.

 Chaos theory.

 Chaos theory was first proposed in 1963, which is still some time ago.

At that time, meteorologist Edward Norton Lorenz built a simplified meteorological model to simulate weather conditions.

This model uses a total of 12 parameters to represent basic meteorological characteristics, such as air pressure, temperature, etc., which is much simpler than the 20 parameters used by Ye Duzheng at this time.

 In one simulation process.

To ensure the accuracy of the data, Lorenz decided to re-run part of the program.

Just to save time.

  He did not run the model from the beginning, but from a point in the middle of the run as a starting point.

 Students who are familiar with numerical operations should all know this.

 The program remains unchanged, and the initial point is from the last running result.

 Theoretically, no matter how many times you run it, the final result will be the same.

 But this time it was different.

The results of Lorenz's second operation at that time were very different from the last time, and the deviation was irregular.

 As if the result came from a completely different program.

After careful verification at the earliest, Lorenz found that he had simplified a data by two decimal points during the copying process.

 It is just such a small deviation that leads to completely different operating results.

Lorenz finally proposed the famous chaos theory in 1963, the most representative of which is the butterfly effect:

“A butterfly in the Amazon rainforest of South America, flapping its wings occasionally, can cause a tornado in Texas two weeks later.”

Of course.

 One thing that needs explanation is

 The original meaning of this sentence is not actually that "the wings of the butterfly caused the storm".

  Rather

The causes of storms are so complex that we need to know the wings of every butterfly to predict the outcome. 】

 The emergence of chaos theory has completely pushed the physics world in another direction.

Think of this.

Xu Yun couldn't help but take a deep breath and made a decision in his heart.

Although Ye Duzheng's situation was not what he expected, there was no conflict between Edward Norton Lorenz and Xu Yun.

But how can there be any reason to evade such good things that are delivered to the door?

So Xu Yun pondered for a moment and quickly said to Ye Duzheng:

“Director Ye, to tell you the truth, someone in the Fengling Yueying Club has actually thought about the situation you mentioned.”

“By the way, Director Ye, have you ever heard of the story of Sisa Ban Dayil, the prime minister of King Sherhan of India, who counted grains of wheat?”

Ye Duzheng blinked and quickly gave the answer:

 “Of course I've heard of it.”

  King Shehan rewarded the wheat.

 This is a very famous mathematical allusion.

Those who were chess players in their previous lives should all know this.

It is said that the inventor of chess was Sisa Ban Dayil, the prime minister of ancient India. The king at that time was Sherhan, known to the world as King Sherhan.

  King Sherhan was very fond of chess, so he asked Dayil what reward he wanted.

Daily left behind a classic saying:

[Please put 1 grain of wheat on the first grid of the chessboard, 2 grains on the second grid, 4 grains on the third grid, and 8 grains on the fourth grid. That is, on each grid in the order. The wheat grains placed on top must be a multiple of the number of wheat grains in the previous grid until the last grid, the 64th grid, is filled, so I am very satisfied].

 King Sherhan agreed to this request, but in the end he discovered that if he followed Dayir's calculation, he would have to pay for the entire kingdom's wheat grains for the next 2,000 years.

 Xu Yun then paused and said to Ye Duzheng:

“Of course, we can't tell whether this story is true or false, but we can see a truth from it.”

“That is, if there is a small error δZ0 in the initial conditions of a dynamic system, then during its evolution, this deviation will change in time t and an evolution function will appear.”

 Say it.

Xu Yun picked up the pen with some difficulty and wrote down a function:

  δZ(t) δZ0 eλt.

Xu Yun then drew a horizontal line under λ and continued:

“I call this λ the Lyapunov index, which represents the degree of sensitivity.” (Note: Lyapunov was born in the 19th century, but the Lyapunov index was not proposed until the chaotic system was established)

“If it is a negative number, we will find that the initial deviation will be continuously smoothed out during the evolution process—this means that it is not sensitive to the initial conditions, otherwise it is extremely sensitive.”

“In general dynamic systems, their evolution can always be described by such a differential equation, that is, d/dtX=f(X)”

Looking at what Xu Yun wrote confidently.

  Qiao Caihong, who has been [0v0] since leaving the interest group, couldn't help scratching his hair.

oops.

 My head is itchy, as if I'm about to grow a brain

 Actually.

What Xu Yun described to Ye Duzheng is exactly the feedback system and exponential divergence that are well-known in later generations.

 This is also one of the few conceptual mathematical entry points for chaotic systems.

Of course.

  There are also some Mandelbrot sets and polyfractal patterns in later generations, but these all require computer assistance.

 After a while.

Looking at what Xu Yun wrote, a hint of enlightenment flashed in Ye Duzheng's eyes:

“I seem to understand somewhat, Comrade Han Li, the basic principles of the atmospheric system actually conform to the logic of determinism?”

 “That's right.”

Hearing this, Xu Yun felt slightly relieved and nodded vigorously:

“This system is not a refutation of determinism, but the unpredictable behavior of determinism's equations makes this system worth exploring.”

“It is a theory based on determinism, which uses determinism to derive unpredictable results—this is a very important concept.”

 In the later generations of Xu Yunlai.

 There are two misunderstandings that often appear regarding the concept of chaotic systems.

　　First, it is believed that the existence of chaotic systems refutes gnosticism or determinism, and is the same concept as quantum uncertainty.

 This is actually a very outrageous mistake.

 Chaotic systems refer to being unknowable within a certain period of time, not uncertain, and it does not conflict with determinism itself.

 At the same time, chaos theory is a purely mathematical mechanism, while quantum uncertainty is a physical mechanism—chaos phenomena exist in classical dynamics but not in pure quantum mechanics.

more importantly.

Chaos means the butterfly effect and the fractal structure of phase space, which requires nonlinear dynamics.

 The definite state in quantum mechanics can only be described in Hilbert space and is a linear state.

 As for the second misunderstanding

 Chaotic systems are often inexplicably related to 'philosophy', and eventually go further and further away.

For example, as I talk, I will come up with the definition of Taoism. It often means that Tao gives birth to one, one gives birth to two, two gives birth to three, and three gives birth to all things.

 Then I will give you a WeChat account at the end and add tmd to promote sandalwood.

Xu Yun has always been worried that Ye Duzheng will fall into these two traps, which will cause Ye Duzheng to encounter extremely serious research barriers in the future, and he may even become Li Huowang mentally.

Hence, from the beginning, he worked hard to instill in Ye Duzheng the concept that chaos theory is a purely mathematical mechanism.

 “Comrade Han Li.”

Just when Xu Yun was almost finished explaining to Ye Duzheng.

Qian Yi or Qian Bingqiong who had been silent for a long time suddenly spoke:

“Comrade Han Li, according to you, a large part of our world is actually non-linear?”

“So, wouldn't there be too few problems that linear equations and linear programming can solve?”

Hearing what Qian Bingqiong said.

Xu Yun couldn't help but glance at him.

 Then he suppressed his excitement to see the boss, calmly shook his head and explained:

“Qian, Comrade Qian Yi, right? That's not necessarily the case.”

“At least in my opinion, linear systems are actually an 'optimal linear approximation' of nonlinear systems.”

“It retains the most important qualitative properties of nonlinear systems, such as stability or instability, that is, the topological properties of dynamical systems.”

“According to the theory of differential topology, there are all nonlinear systems on smooth manifolds that can be linearly approximated.”

 Say it.

Xu Yun picked up the paper and pen again and started writing slowly.

 It is well known.

 Broadly speaking.

 “Linear system” refers to a system whose solution satisfies the linear superposition principle, that is:

 F(x_1+x_2+x_3+)=F(x_1)+F(x_2)+F(x_3)+

 This F cannot be simply understood as just a functional form that can be written explicitly, but should be regarded as a mapping.

in short.

  The corresponding linear system is linear mapping.

  The form of the linear system referred to in the field of nonlinear research on ordinary differential equation dynamic systems is often like this:

  frac{dX}{dt}=AcdotX where X=[x1, x2, x3,.]T.

  And A is a constant matrix, then this is a linear ordinary differential dynamic system.

The nonlinear system that is different from it is a system that cannot be represented by a system of equations in the above form.

For example, some are second-order, third-order, or higher-order systems, or formally the items in matrix A are related to the items of X.

Of course.

 Nonlinear systems also include nonlinear systems in partial differential equations.

 For example, a system with a diffusion term can form a TuringPattern.

But on the other hand.

  The KoepkSmale theorem mechanism in differential topology guarantees a dense situation:

 The locally stable manifold is after local linearization at the operating point.

 The corresponding linear system will have a stable subspace εs and an unstable subspace εu, which are tangent to the corresponding manifold respectively.

 That is, to a certain extent.

  Nonlinear systems can be treated as approximately linear systems.

after awhile.

 Qian Bingqiong digested Xu Yun's idea, and then frowned and said:

“But even so, Comrade Han Li, not all nonlinear systems can be approximated by linearization, right?”

“Or is it necessary to approximate a nonlinear system into a linear one, and a large amount of calculations must be completed?”

 “That's right.”

Xu Yun nodded crisply and affirmed:

“If you want to optimize the approximation as much as possible, you must complete a large number of calculations—this is the same as the exhaustive method.”

 “And if you want to do this, you must rely on another tool.”

 This time.

 Qian Bingqiong was silent for a longer time, and then slowly said:

 “You mean the computer?”

Xu Yun took a deep breath and quietly clenched his hands into fists under the table:

“Yes, computers, I personally think that this direction is one of the most important trends in the future.”

“It can even be said that the 21st century will be the century of computers.”

 Qian Bingqiong's pupils suddenly shrank.

As the founder of Huaxia Atomic Energy Science, Qian Bingqiong is not proficient in computers due to professional limitations.

 But his grasp of the overall situation is far beyond what others can achieve.

 So throughout the conversation, he realized one thing:

 If the world is truly non-linear.

Then the basic logic of scientific development in the future is to approximate non-linear things into a linear state.

This so-called 'thing' may be the weather,

 Maybe it's a theory,

 may be economic,

　　may also be

 Technology and military.

 And if that is the case.

So the computer that Xu Yun mentioned is indeed an indispensable and important direction.

 “Computer.”

 Looking at Qian Bingqiong, whose face was constantly changing, Xu Yun felt equally nervous.

 This is a temporary hole he dug.

　　【The world is non-linear】.

 This is a truth that was discovered only after the chaos theory was proposed.

Notice.

Again:

 This is not a philosophical topic, but a mathematical concept.

 It just sounds a little philosophical.

 Nonlinear research emerged in the 1960s and did not officially enter the development stage until the late 1970s.

 This concept has directly promoted the development of many fields, the most representative of which is

Computer Industry.

Financial chaos systems, neural chaos systems, and meteorological chaos systems in later generations are all based on computers.

So after Ye Duzheng raised the issue of chaos theory, Xu Yun immediately thought of this:

 I had already planted the industrial software thread with Sun Junren, and if I could bury the seeds of computers again today.

That picture is so beautiful.

 And you need to know.

The person sitting opposite him at this time was Qian Bingqiong!

 A boss who is fully capable of understanding the concept he is talking about, realizing the value and passing it on to the decision-makers!

If the upper management really starts to pay attention to computers

Mom.

This world seems to have changed a lot.

But that's okay.

 The one being strengthened is the rabbit. Who doesn't want his country to get better and better?

Xu Yun even hopes that Rabbit will come up with Gundam as soon as possible, and everyone will drive Unit 1 to show off what good style means in front of some houses that don't deserve houses!

 So for a while.

The three people at the scene were all lost in thought, except Qiao Caihong who was beside him and felt dizzy.

 However, a few seconds later.

 Woooooo—

On a telegraph pole not far from them, a loudspeaker suddenly sounded a piercing siren.

 See this situation.

 Beside the stone table.

 The expressions of Ye Duzheng, Qian Bingqiong and others suddenly changed, and they suddenly turned their heads to look in a certain direction.

  Qiao Caihong also recovered from the o.O expression in an instant, and grabbed Xu Yun's wheelchair:

 “Comrade Han Li, there's a situation! Let's leave quickly!”

Note:

Today is Brother Donkey's birthday. Let's go to the character card and like it.

 (End of this chapter)

Chapter end