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The Military-industrial Scientific Research System of the Academic Master Chapter 471
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The Military-industrial Scientific Research System of the Academic Master Chapter 471

Chapter 471 The key to the next generation of aviation development

 A fifth-generation engine is certainly not possible at the moment.

 The third generation is models such as F110 and AL31F with a push ratio of about 8.

 The fourth generation is models such as F119, F135, and AL51F with a push ratio of more than 10.

If the Turbofan 10 is built according to Chang Haonan's ideas, it will probably skip the third generation of fundamentalism and directly enter the category of three and a half generations.

Of course, there are actually many differences between the third-generation and fourth-generation engines. It can be said that there are differences in the original design ideas, manufacturing processes, and material selection.

The thrust-to-weight ratio is just the most intuitive data that is ultimately reflected in performance.

Of course, there is also a third and a half generation in between, that is, the later models of F110, F414, and AL41F are basically third-generation engines, but they have applied some fourth-generation engine technologies, resulting in performance that is significantly higher than the upgraded versions of their predecessors. .

It is worth mentioning that the fourth-generation engine is no different from the third-generation engine in its most basic principles, so there is still a performance trade-off that is physically unavoidable—high-speed-oriented models generally have astonishing fuel consumption, while low-speed-oriented models The supersonic performance of the model will be extremely stretched (see Chapter 415 for detailed explanation).

 It is precisely to resolve this contradiction that the adaptive variable cycle mode is generally introduced in the conceptual design of fifth-generation engines in various countries.

 At low speeds, it can be a fuel-saving medium-bypass ratio turbofan engine, and at high speeds, it can even be transformed into a high-performance turbojet engine.

Therefore, although the fifth-generation engine may not be able to achieve such a terrifying leap from 8 to 10 on paper data, it may even be due to the addition of a variable circulation device, causing the sea level thrust-to-weight ratio to fall instead of rising (the dead weight becomes larger) , the thrust has not increased that much), but the actual performance installed on the aircraft will far exceed that of the fourth generation.

It's just that although the idea of ​​variable loop is simple, if you really want to implement it, there are still too many details to be perfected.

Even until the time before Chang Haonan was reborn, no one had yet determined which cycle-changing technology path was more feasible.

 If nothing else, the specific design concept of the compressor will undergo an almost earth-shaking change.

So after briefly chatting about the future planning of domestic engine models, Chang Haonan and Liu Yongquan returned to the research at hand.

 “Multiple rows of superimposed full-coverage air film cooling…”

 Liu Yongquan repeated this somewhat awkward term.

 “That's right.”

Chang Haonan took Liu Yongquan to the experimental table next to him. A laptop was placed on it, and an isotherm curve was displayed on the screen:

“I originally thought that the current TORC Multiphysics software could directly complete the gas-thermal coupling simulation, but when I actually operated it, I found that I still thought the situation was too simple.”

As he spoke, he circled a part of the graph with the brush tool:

"You see, after the main stream comes into contact with the high-momentum cooling jet, a pair of vortex structures with opposite rotation directions will be generated on both sides of the downstream area of ​​the jet. This will play a role in gathering the wall cooling air to suppress lateral diffusion in the direction of rotation of the vortex structure. , and it also has a tendency to lift the cooling air away from the wall.”

"so…"

 Liu Yongquan still understands this picture:

“So the greater the blowing ratio (the momentum of the cooling air flow), the harder it is for the mainstream to suppress the cooling jet, and the earlier the cooling air will leave the solid wall surface, resulting in worse cooling effect downstream?”

Chang Haonan nodded, saying that he was indeed the person who really brought Turbofan 10 to maturity in the original timeline. Although he is currently a little inexperienced except for the big hair style, his basic skills are indeed good. He just watched After just a few glances, I quickly grasped the key conclusion:

"That's right, so if you comprehensively consider the gas-heat coupling effect of the entire engine, you will find that if you blindly increase the amount of cooling gas, the improvement in cooling effect will become less obvious as time goes by, and it will soon hit an upper limit. And because the airflow loss is too large, it will also affect the performance of the engine itself and even its working stability.”

“This is impossible to discover if we only study the film cooling effect on the blades without considering the overall engineering considerations. I speculate that this should be one of the reasons why the Americans are currently taking a detour. "

 After his judgment was confirmed by Chang Haonan, Liu Yongquan almost subconsciously thought of the most direct way:

“If we enlarge the diameter of the air film hole, we can reduce the air flow rate while keeping the cooling air consumption unchanged, and improve..."

 But he quickly denied it himself:

“No, simply increasing the pore size of the air film will lead to greater pressure loss, which is not worth the gain…”

“Mr. Chang, if the cooling holes are changed from cylindrical to tapered, so that the inlet area is small and the outlet area is large, wouldn't it be possible to improve the coverage of the airflow on the blade surface?”

At this time, Chang Haonan did look at him with admiration.

 The cooling effect of special-shaped holes is better than that of round holes. This will be something that any undergraduate majoring in the relevant field will know in 20 years. However, at present, the research on this aspect in China is still blank.

In the previous life, it was not until more than a year later that Rolls-Royce went to Northwestern Polytechnical University to sponsor a research project related to active cooling that China became aware of this.

Engineering things are sometimes like a layer of window paper that has been pierced, and it looks like that. But if there is no one to guide it, it will take a lot of time just to find where the window is.

 Liu Yongquan, at least in a short period of time, found the right direction. “The idea is correct, but it can go further.”

Chang Haonan took a pen and paper from the side and drew a schematic diagram on the paper:

“In fact, there is no need to make major changes to the cooling hole itself. It is enough to connect an expansion section to the outlet part, that is, the end of the hole, so that the pressure loss is smaller, and the flow rate at the exit of the air film hole can be greatly reduced. "

“Reducing the flow rate means reducing the momentum, the cooling air will hardly blow away, and the wall attachment effect is better.”

"Moreover, the interaction between the mainstream and the cooling air is weak, and the kidney-shaped vortices on both sides of the jet are weak. The meridional area will form an anti-kidney-shaped vortex pair structure, which also enhances the lateral diffusion of the cooling air. It can make the cooling air film more even!”

"That…"

Liu Yongquan only had a feeling of enlightenment at this time. The solution to the whole problem seemed as simple as 1+1:

"Then we just need to change the round hole into this...this kind of special-shaped hole?"

"Of course it can't be that simple. What I just said is just the basic principles."

Chang Haonan put the pen aside, waved his hand and replied:

“The air film formed by the special-shaped holes not only improves the effectiveness downstream of the hole, but also increases the heat transfer coefficient of this part, so the cooling effect on the solid wall area with a low heat transfer coefficient is relatively poor.”

"Furthermore, this awkward opening method will definitely affect the structural strength of the workpiece. We are building an aerospace engine, which has requirements for overload. Moreover, the environment of high temperature, high centrifugal force, and strong airflow impact itself is also a problem for the structural reliability. test."

“So, what kind of hole shape should be used, how to design the distribution of air film holes on the surface of the workpiece, and how to design the angle of the hole channel—not only the pitch angle, but also the lateral angle. These are all issues and must be made."

"That's why I have to order a piece of equipment. On the one hand, it is to study specific air film cooling solutions. On the other hand, it is also to accumulate some data for the next major version of the TORCMultiphysics software. The air-thermal coupling is different from the simple force There is still a big difference in thermal coupling, and I'm afraid a new functional module is needed to do it well.”

Even Chang Haonan is not really omniscient and omnipotent. He has tried using his own software before, but there are too few theories and data in this area. What about the simulation results...

 It can only be said to have certain reference value.

 “Then Mr. Chang, shall I design the experimental plan?”

 Liu Yongquan behind him is already eager to try.

 “Actually, I've already designed it…”

Chang Haonan glanced at the brand-new experimental equipment not far away.

 “Ah this…”

 Liu Yongquan scratched the hairless head of his head with some embarrassment.

 But Chang Haonan changed the topic again:

“But you can also try it first, and then compare it with what I gave you after the plan is made.”

Liu Yongquan's eyes lit up, and he suddenly felt that he could do it again:

“So...about the turbine parts sample for testing, or should we just use the turbofan 9?”

“Yes, if you don't have the design data of Turbofan 9, you can directly ask the 430 factory for it.”

 Under the operation of Chang Haonan, Turbofan 9 has now basically become the technical verification model of Turbofan 10.

Although the temperature in front of the turbine of the former is unlikely to reach the level of 1200-1250℃, the cooling effect is certainly not too high.

 Especially if there is no need to change the blade material.

Of course, it's not just the 430 factory.

 Spey MK202 is actually just an engine with a thrust-to-weight ratio of 5, and its indicators other than fuel consumption are not even as good as those of many last-generation turbojet engines.

 As for the technologies tested by Turbofan 9, some of them can always be used back in mass-produced models. On the premise that the cost and overall structure remain basically unchanged, the performance will definitely be improved.

 (End of this chapter)

Chapter end

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Chapter 681
Chapter 680
Chapter 679
Chapter 678
Chapter 677
Chapter 676
Chapter 675
Chapter 674
Chapter 673
Chapter 672
Chapter 671
Chapter 670
Chapter 669
Chapter 668
Chapter 667
Chapter 666
Chapter 665
Chapter 664
Chapter 663
Chapter 662
Chapter 661
Chapter 660
Chapter 659
Chapter 658
Chapter 657
Chapter 656
Chapter 655
Chapter 654
Chapter 653
Chapter 652
Chapter 651
Chapter 650
Chapter 649
Chapter 648
Chapter 647
Chapter 646
Chapter 645
Chapter 644
Chapter 643
Chapter 642
Chapter 641
Chapter 640
Chapter 639
Chapter 638
Chapter 637
Chapter 636
Chapter 635
Chapter 634
Chapter 633
Chapter 632
Chapter 631
Chapter 630
Chapter 629
Chapter 628
Chapter 627
Chapter 626
Chapter 625
Chapter 624
Chapter 623
Chapter 622
Chapter 621
Chapter 620
Chapter 619
Chapter 618
Chapter 617
Chapter 616
Chapter 615
Chapter 614
Chapter 613
Chapter 612
Chapter 611
Chapter 610
Chapter 609
Chapter 608
Chapter 607
Chapter 606
Chapter 605
Chapter 604
Chapter 603
Chapter 602
Chapter 601
Chapter 600
Chapter 599
Chapter 598
Chapter 597
Chapter 596
Chapter 595
Chapter 594
Chapter 593
Chapter 592
Chapter 591
Chapter 590
Chapter 589
Chapter 588
Chapter 587
Chapter 586
Chapter 585
Chapter 584
Chapter 583
Chapter 582
Chapter 581
Chapter 580
Chapter 579
Chapter 578
Chapter 577
Chapter 576
Chapter 575
Chapter 574
Chapter 573
Chapter 572
Chapter 571
Chapter 570
Chapter 569
Chapter 568
Chapter 567
Chapter 566
Chapter 565
Chapter 564
Chapter 563
Chapter 562
Chapter 561
Chapter 560
Chapter 559
Chapter 558
Chapter 557
Chapter 556
Chapter 555
Chapter 554
Chapter 553
Chapter 552
Chapter 551
Chapter 550
Chapter 549
Chapter 548
Chapter 547
Chapter 546
Chapter 545
Chapter 544
Chapter 543
Chapter 542
Chapter 541
Chapter 540
Chapter 539
Chapter 538
Chapter 537
Chapter 536
Chapter 535
Chapter 534
Chapter 533
Chapter 532
Chapter 531
Chapter 530
Chapter 529
Chapter 528
Chapter 527
Chapter 526
Chapter 525
Chapter 524
Chapter 523
Chapter 522
Chapter 521
Chapter 520
Chapter 519
Chapter 518
Chapter 517
Chapter 516
Chapter 515
Chapter 514
Chapter 513
Chapter 512
Chapter 511
Chapter 510
Chapter 509
Chapter 508
Chapter 507
Chapter 506
Chapter 505
Chapter 504
Chapter 503
Chapter 502
Chapter 501
Chapter 500
Chapter 499
Chapter 498
Chapter 497
Chapter 496
Chapter 495
Chapter 494
Chapter 493
Chapter 492
Chapter 491
Chapter 490
Chapter 489
Chapter 488
Chapter 487
Chapter 486
Chapter 485
Chapter 484
Chapter 483
Chapter 482
Chapter 481
Chapter 480
Chapter 479
Chapter 478
Chapter 477
Chapter 476
Chapter 475
Chapter 474
Chapter 473
Chapter 472
Chapter 471
Chapter 470
Chapter 469
Chapter 468
Chapter 467
Chapter 466
Chapter 465
Chapter 464
Chapter 463
Chapter 462
Chapter 461
Chapter 460
Chapter 459
Chapter 458
Chapter 457
Chapter 456
Chapter 455
Chapter 454
Chapter 453
Chapter 452
Chapter 451
Chapter 450
Chapter 449
Chapter 448
Chapter 447
Chapter 446
Chapter 445
Chapter 444
Chapter 443
Chapter 442
Chapter 441
Chapter 440
Chapter 439
Chapter 438
Chapter 437
Chapter 436
Chapter 435
Chapter 434
Chapter 433
Chapter 432
Chapter 431
Chapter 430
Chapter 429
Chapter 428
Chapter 427
Chapter 426
Chapter 425
Chapter 424
Chapter 423
Chapter 422
Chapter 421
Chapter 420
Chapter 419
Chapter 418
Chapter 417
Chapter 416
Chapter 415
Chapter 414
Chapter 413
Chapter 412
Chapter 411
Chapter 410
Chapter 409
Chapter 408
Chapter 407
Chapter 406
Chapter 405
Chapter 404
Chapter 403
Chapter 402
Chapter 401
Chapter 400
Chapter 399
Chapter 398
Chapter 397
Chapter 396
Chapter 395
Chapter 394
Chapter 393
Chapter 392
Chapter 391
Chapter 390
Chapter 389
Chapter 388
Chapter 387
Chapter 386
Chapter 385
Chapter 384
Chapter 383
Chapter 382
Chapter 381
Chapter 380
Chapter 379
Chapter 378
Chapter 377
Chapter 376
Chapter 375
Chapter 374
Chapter 373
Chapter 372
Chapter 371
Chapter 370
Chapter 369
Chapter 368
Chapter 367
Chapter 366
Chapter 365
Chapter 364
Chapter 363
Chapter 362
Chapter 361
Chapter 360
Chapter 359
Chapter 358
Chapter 357
Chapter 356
Chapter 355
Chapter 354
Chapter 353
Chapter 352
Chapter 351
Chapter 350
Chapter 349
Chapter 348
Chapter 347
Chapter 346
Chapter 345
Chapter 344
Chapter 343
Chapter 342
Chapter 341
Chapter 340
Chapter 339
Chapter 338
Chapter 337
Chapter 336
Chapter 335
Chapter 334
Chapter 333
Chapter 332
Chapter 331
Chapter 330
Chapter 329
Chapter 328
Chapter 327
Chapter 326
Chapter 325
Chapter 324
Chapter 323
Chapter 322
Chapter 321
Chapter 320
Chapter 319
Chapter 318
Chapter 317
Chapter 316
Chapter 315
Chapter 314
Chapter 313
Chapter 312
Chapter 311
Chapter 310
Chapter 309
Chapter 308
Chapter 307
Chapter 306
Chapter 305
Chapter 304
Chapter 303
Chapter 302
Chapter 301
Chapter 300
Chapter 299
Chapter 298
Chapter 297
Chapter 296
Chapter 295
Chapter 294
Chapter 293
Chapter 292
Chapter 291
Chapter 290
Chapter 289
Chapter 288
Chapter 287
Chapter 286
Chapter 285
Chapter 284
Chapter 283
Chapter 282
Chapter 281
Chapter 280
Chapter 279
Chapter 278
Chapter 277
Chapter 276
Chapter 275
Chapter 274
Chapter 273
Chapter 272
Chapter 271
Chapter 270
Chapter 269
Chapter 268
Chapter 267
Chapter 266
Chapter 265
Chapter 264
Chapter 263
Chapter 262
Chapter 261
Chapter 260
Chapter 259
Chapter 258
Chapter 257
Chapter 256
Chapter 255
Chapter 254
Chapter 253
Chapter 252
Chapter 251
Chapter 250
Chapter 249
Chapter 248
Chapter 247
Chapter 246
Chapter 245
Chapter 244
Chapter 243
Chapter 242
Chapter 241
Chapter 240
Chapter 239
Chapter 238
Chapter 237
Chapter 236
Chapter 235
Chapter 234
Chapter 233
Chapter 232
Chapter 231
Chapter 230
Chapter 229
Chapter 228
Chapter 227
Chapter 226
Chapter 225
Chapter 224
Chapter 223
Chapter 222
Chapter 221
Chapter 220
Chapter 219
Chapter 218
Chapter 217
Chapter 216
Chapter 215
Chapter 214
Chapter 213
Chapter 212
Chapter 211
Chapter 210
Chapter 209
Chapter 208
Chapter 207
Chapter 206
Chapter 205
Chapter 204
Chapter 203
Chapter 202
Chapter 201
Chapter 200
Chapter 199
Chapter 198
Chapter 197
Chapter 196
Chapter 195
Chapter 194
Chapter 193
Chapter 192
Chapter 191
Chapter 190
Chapter 189
Chapter 188
Chapter 187
Chapter 186
Chapter 185
Chapter 184
Chapter 183
Chapter 182
Chapter 181
Chapter 180
Chapter 179
Chapter 178
Chapter 177
Chapter 176
Chapter 175
Chapter 174
Chapter 173
Chapter 172
Chapter 171
Chapter 170
Chapter 169
Chapter 168
Chapter 167
Chapter 166
Chapter 165
Chapter 164
Chapter 163
Chapter 162
Chapter 161
Chapter 160
Chapter 159
Chapter 158
Chapter 157
Chapter 156
Chapter 155
Chapter 154
Chapter 153
Chapter 152
Chapter 151
Chapter 150
Chapter 149
Chapter 148
Chapter 147
Chapter 146
Chapter 145
Chapter 144
Chapter 143
Chapter 142
Chapter 141
Chapter 140
Chapter 139
Chapter 138
Chapter 137
Chapter 136
Chapter 135
Chapter 134
Chapter 133
Chapter 132
Chapter 131
Chapter 130
Chapter 129
Chapter 128
Chapter 127
Chapter 126
Chapter 125
Chapter 124
Chapter 123
Chapter 122
Chapter 121
Chapter 120
Chapter 119
Chapter 118
Chapter 117
Chapter 116
Chapter 115
Chapter 114
Chapter 113
Chapter 112
Chapter 111
Chapter 110
Chapter 109
Chapter 108
Chapter 107
Chapter 106
Chapter 105
Chapter 104
Chapter 103
Chapter 102
Chapter 101
Chapter 100
Chapter 99
Chapter 98
Chapter 97
Chapter 96
Chapter 95
Chapter 94
Chapter 93
Chapter 92
Chapter 91
Chapter 90
Chapter 89
Chapter 88
Chapter 87
Chapter 86
Chapter 85
Chapter 84
Chapter 83
Chapter 82
Chapter 81
Chapter 80
Chapter 79
Chapter 78
Chapter 77
Chapter 76
Chapter 75
Chapter 74
Chapter 73
Chapter 72
Chapter 71
Chapter 70
Chapter 69
Chapter 68
Chapter 67
Chapter 66
Chapter 65
Chapter 64
Chapter 63
Chapter 62
Chapter 61
Chapter 60
Chapter 59
Chapter 58
Chapter 57
Chapter 56
Chapter 55
Chapter 54
Chapter 53
Chapter 52
Chapter 51
Chapter 50
Chapter 49
Chapter 48
Chapter 47
Chapter 46
Chapter 45
Chapter 44
Chapter 43
Chapter 42
Chapter 41
Chapter 40
Chapter 39
Chapter 38
Chapter 37
Chapter 36
Chapter 35
Chapter 34
Chapter 33
Chapter 32
Chapter 31
Chapter 30
Chapter 29
Chapter 28
Chapter 27
Chapter 26
Chapter 25
Chapter 24
Chapter 23
Chapter 22
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Chapter 20
Chapter 19
Chapter 18
Chapter 17
Chapter 16
Chapter 15
Chapter 14
Chapter 13
Chapter 12
Chapter 11
Chapter 10
Chapter 9
Chapter 8
Chapter 7
Chapter 6
Chapter 5
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