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divine comedy 4 The First Circle, Limbo: Virtuous Pagans and the Unbaptized. The Four Poets, Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan. The Noble Castle of Philosophy.
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divine comedy 4 The First Circle, Limbo: Virtuous Pagans and the Unbaptized. The Four Poets, Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan. The Noble Castle of Philosophy.

Broke the deep lethargy within my head

A heavy thunder, so that I upstarted,

Like to a person who by force is wakened;

And round about I moved my rested eyes,

Uprisen erect, and steadfastly I gazed,

To recognise the place wherein I was.

True is it, that upon the verge I found me

Of the abysmal valley dolorous,

That gathers thunder of infinite ululations.

Obscure, profound it was, and nebulous,

So that by fixing on its depths my sight

Nothing whatever I discerned therein.

"Let us descend now into the blind world,"

Began the Poet, pallid utterly;

"I will be first, and thou shalt second be."

And I, who of his colour was aware,

Said: "How shall I come, if thou art afraid,

Who'rt wont to be a comfort to my fears?"

And he to me: "The anguish of the people

Who are below here in my face depicts

That pity which for terror thou hast taken.

Let us go on, for the long way impels us."

Thus he went in, and thus he made me enter

The foremost circle that surrounds the abyss.

There, as it seemed to me from listening,

Were lamentations none, but only sighs,

That tremble made the everlasting air.

And this arose from sorrow without torment,

Which the crowds had, that many were and great,

Of infants and of women and of men.

To me the Master good: "Thou dost not ask

What spirits these, which thou beholdest, are?

Now will I have thee know, ere thou go farther,

That they sinned not; and if they merit had,

'Tis not enough, because they had not baptism

Which is the portal of the Faith thou holdest;

And if they were before Christianity,

In the right manner they adored not God;

And among such as these am I myself.

For such defects, and not for other guilt,

Lost are we and are only so far punished,

That without hope we live on in desire."

Great grief seized on my heart when this I heard,

Because some people of much worthiness

I knew, who in that Limbo were suspended.

"Tell me, my Master, tell me, thou my Lord,"

Began I, with desire of being certain

Of that Faith which o'ercometh every error,

"Came any one by his own merit hence,

Or by another's, who was blessed thereafter?"

And he, who understood my covert speech,

Replied: "I was a novice in this state,

When I saw hither come a Mighty One,

With sign of victory incoronate.

Hence he drew forth the shade of the First Parent,

And that of his son Abel, and of Noah,

Of Moses the lawgiver, and the obedient

Abraham, patriarch, and David, king,


Israel with his father and his children,

And Rachel, for whose sake he did so much,

And others many, and he made them blessed;

And thou must know, that earlier than these

Never were any human spirits saved."

We ceased not to advance because he spake,

But still were passing onward through the forest,

The forest, say I, of thick-crowded ghosts.

Not very far as yet our way had gone

This side the summit, when I saw a fire

That overcame a hemisphere of darkness.

We were a little distant from it still,

But not so far that I in part discerned not

That honourable people held that place.

"O thou who honourest every art and science,

Who may these be, which such great honour have,

That from the fashion of the rest it parts them?"

And he to me: "The honourable name,

That sounds of them above there in thy life,

Wins grace in Heaven, that so advances them."

In the mean time a voice was heard by me:

"All honour be to the pre-eminent Poet;

His shade returns again, that was departed."

After the voice had ceased and quiet was,

Four mighty shades I saw approaching us;

Semblance had they nor sorrowful nor glad.

To say to me began my gracious Master:

"Him with that falchion in his hand behold,

Who comes before the three, even as their lord.

That one is Homer, Poet sovereign;

He who comes next is Horace, the satirist;

The third is Ovid, and the last is Lucan.

Because to each of these with me applies

The name that solitary voice proclaimed,

They do me honour, and in that do well."

Thus I beheld assemble the fair school

Of that lord of the song pre-eminent,

Who o'er the others like an eagle soars.

When they together had discoursed somewhat,

They turned to me with signs of salutation,

And on beholding this, my Master smiled;

And more of honour still, much more, they did me,

In that they made me one of their own band;

So that the sixth was I, 'mid so much wit.

Thus we went on as far as to the light,

Things saying 'tis becoming to keep silent,

As was the saying of them where I was.

We came unto a noble castle's foot,

Seven times encompassed with lofty walls,

Defended round by a fair rivulet;

This we passed over even as firm ground;

Through portals seven I entered with these Sages;

We came into a meadow of fresh verdure.

People were there with solemn eyes and slow,

Of great authority in their countenance;

They spake but seldom, and with gentle voices.

Thus we withdrew ourselves upon one side

Into an opening luminous and lofty,

So that they all of them were visible.

There opposite, upon the green enamel,

Were pointed out to me the mighty spirits,

Whom to have seen I feel myself exalted.

I saw Electra with companions many,

'Mongst whom I knew both Hector and Aeneas,

Caesar in armour with gerfalcon eyes;

I saw Camilla and Penthesilea

On the other side, and saw the King Latinus,

Who with Lavinia his daughter sat;

I saw that Brutus who drove Tarquin forth,

Lucretia, Julia, Marcia, and Cornelia,
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And saw alone, apart, the Saladin.

When I had lifted up my brows a little,

The Master I beheld of those who know,

Sit with his philosophic family.

All gaze upon him, and all do him honour.

There I beheld both Socrates and Plato,

Who nearer him before the others stand;

Democritus, who puts the world on chance,

Diogenes, Anaxagoras, and Thales,

Zeno, Empedocles, and Heraclitus;

Of qualities I saw the good collector,

Hight Dioscorides; and Orpheus saw I,

Tully and Livy, and moral Seneca,

Euclid, geometrician, and Ptolemy,

Galen, Hippocrates, and Avicenna,

Averroes, who the great Comment made.

I cannot all of them pourtray in full,

Because so drives me onward the long theme,

That many times the word comes short of fact.

The sixfold company in two divides;

Another way my sapient Guide conducts me

Forth from the quiet to the air that trembles;

And to a place I come where nothing shines.

Chapter end

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Catalogue
99 Chapter 32/33 St. Bernard points out the Saints in the White Rose.Prayer to the Virgin. The Threefold Circle of the Trinity. Mystery of the Divine and Human Nature
98 Chapter 31 The Glory of Paradise. Departure of Beatrice. St. Bernard.
97 Chapter 30 The Tenth Heaven, or Empyrean. The River of Light. The Two Courts of Heaven. The White Rose of Paradise. The great Throne.
96 Chapter 29 Beatrice's Discourse of the Creation of the Angels, and of the Fall of Lucifer. Her Reproof of Foolish and Avaricious Preachers.
95 Chapter 28 God and the Angelic Hierarchies.
94 Chapter 27 St. Peter's reproof of bad Popes. The Ascent to the Ninth Heaven, the 'Primum Mobile.'
93 Chapter 26 St. John examines Dante on Charity. Dante's Sight. Adam.
92 Chapter 25 The Laurel Crown. St. James examines Dante on Hope. Dante's Blindness.
91 Chapter 24 The Radiant Wheel. St. Peter examines Dante on Faith.
90 Chapter 23 The Triumph of Christ. The Virgin Mary. The Apostles. Gabriel.
89 Chapter 22 St. Benedict. His Lamentation over the Corruption of Monks. The Eighth Heaven, the Fixed Stars.
88 Chapter 21 The Seventh Heaven, Saturn: The Contemplative. The Celestial Stairway. St. Peter Damiano. His Invectives against the Luxury of the Prelates.
87 Chapter 20 The Eagle praises the Righteous Kings of old. Benevolence of the Divine Will.
86 Chapter 19 The Eagle discourses of Salvation, Faith, and Virtue. Condemnation of the vile Kings of A.D. 1300.
85 Chapter 18 The Sixth Heaven, Jupiter: Righteous Kings and Rulers. The Celestial Eagle. Dante's Invectives against ecclesiastical Avarice.
84 Chapter 17 Cacciaguida's Prophecy of Dante's Banishment.
82 Chapter 15 Cacciaguida. Florence in the Olden Time.
81 Chapter 14 The Third Circle. Discourse on the Resurrection of the Flesh. The Fifth Heaven, Mars: Martyrs and Crusaders who died fighting for the true Faith. The Celestial Cross.
80 Chapter 13 Of the Wisdom of Solomon. St. Thomas reproaches Dante's Judgement.
79 Chapter 12 St. Buonaventura recounts the Life of St. Dominic. Lament over the State of the Franciscan Order. The Second Circle.
78 Chapter 11 St. Thomas recounts the Life of St. Francis. Lament over the State of the Dominican Order
77 Chapter 10 The Fourth Heaven, the Sun: Theologians and Fathers of the Church. The First Circle. St. Thomas of Aquinas.
76 Chapter 9 Cunizza da Romano, Folco of Marseilles, and Rahab. Neglect of the Holy Land.
75 Chapter 8 Ascent to the Third Heaven, Venus: Lovers. Charles Martel. Discourse on diverse Natures.
74 Chapter 7 Beatrice's Discourse of the Crucifixion, the Incarnation, the Immortality of the Soul, and the Resurrection of the Body.
73 Chapter 6 Justinian. The Roman Eagle. The Empire. Romeo.
72 Chapter 5 Discourse of Beatrice on Vows and Compensations. Ascent to the Second Heaven, Mercury: Spirits who for the Love of Fame achieved great Deeds.
71 Chapter 4 Questionings of the Soul and of Broken Vows.
70 Chapter 3 Piccarda Donati and the Empress Constance.
69 Chapter 2 The First Heaven, the Moon: Spirits who, having taken Sacred Vows, were forced to violate them. The Lunar Spots.
68 Part 3 Paradiso Chapter 1 The Ascent to the First Heaven. The Sphere of Fire.
67 Chapter 33 Lament over the State of the Church. Final Reproaches of Beatrice. The River Eunoe.
66 Chapter 32 The Tree of Knowledge. Allegory of the Chariot.
65 Chapter 31 Reproaches of Beatrice and Confession of Dante. The Passage of Lethe. The Seven Virtues. The Griffon.
64 Chapter 30 Virgil's Departure. Beatrice. Dante's Shame.
63 Chapter 29 The Triumph of the Church.
62 Chapter 28 The River Lethe. Matilda. The Nature of the Terrestrial Paradise.
61 Chapter 27 The Wall of Fire and the Angel of God. Dante's Sleep upon the Stairway, and his Dream of Leah and Rachel. Arrival at the Terrestrial Paradise.
60 Chapter 26 Sodomites. Guido Guinicelli and Arnaldo Daniello.
59 Chapter 25 Discourse of Statius on Generation. The Seventh Circle: The Wanton.
58 Chapter 24 Buonagiunta da Lucca. Pope Martin IV, and others. Inquiry into the State of Poetry.
57 Chapter 23 Forese. Reproof of immodest Florentine Women.
56 Chapter 22 Statius' Denunciation of Avarice. The Sixth Circle: The Gluttonous. The Mystic Tree.
55 Chapter 21 The Poet Statius. Praise of Virgil.
54 Chapter 20 Hugh Capet. Corruption of the French Crown. Prophecy of the Abduction of Pope Boniface VIII and the Sacrilege of Philip the Fair. The Earthquake.
53 Chapter 19 Dante's Dream of the Siren. The Fifth Circle: The Avaricious and Prodigal. Pope Adrian V.
52 Chapter 18 Virgil further discourses of Love and Free Will. The Abbot of San Zeno.
51 Chapter 17 Dante's Dream of Anger. The Fourth Circle: The Slothful. Virgil's Discourse of Love.
50 Chapter 16 Marco Lombardo. Lament over the State of the World.
49 Chapter 15 The Third Circle: The Irascible. Dante's Visions. The Smoke.
48 Chapter 14 Guido del Duca and Renier da Calboli. Cities of the Arno Valley. Denunciation of Stubbornness.
47 Chapter 13 The Second Circle: The Envious. Sapia of Siena.
46 Chapter 12 The Sculptures on the Pavement. Ascent to the Second Circle.
44 Chapter 10 The Needle's Eye. The First Circle: The Proud. The Sculptures on the Wall.
43 Chapter 9 Dante's Dream of the Eagle. The Gate of Purgatory and the Angel. Seven P's. The Keys.
42 Chapter 8 The Guardian Angels and the Serpent. Nino di Gallura. The Three Stars. Currado Malaspina.
41 Chapter 7 The Valley of Flowers. Negligent Princes.
40 Chapter 6 Dante's Inquiry on Prayers for the Dead. Sordello. Italy.
39 Chapter 5 Those who died by Violence, but repentant. Buonconte di Monfeltro. La Pia.
38 Chapter 4 Farther Ascent. Nature of the Mountain. The Negligent, who postponed Repentance till the last Hour. Belacqua.
37 Chapter 3 Discourse on the Limits of Reason. The Foot of the Mountain. Those who died in Contumacy of Holy Church. Manfredi.
36 Chapter 2 The Celestial Pilot. Casella. The Departure.
35 Part 2 Purgatorio Chapter 1 The Shores of Purgatory. The Four Stars. Cato of Utica. The Rush.
34 Fourth Division of the Ninth Circle, the Judecca: Traitors to their Lords and Benefactors. Lucifer, Judas Iscariot, Brutus, and Cassius. The Chasm of Lethe. The Ascent.
33 Count Ugolino and the Archbishop Ruggieri. The Death of Count Ugolino's Sons. Third Division of the Ninth Circle, Ptolomaea: Traitors to their Friends. Friar Alberigo, Branco d' Oria.
32 The Ninth Circle: Traitors. The Frozen Lake of Cocytus. First Division, Caina: Traitors to their Kindred. Camicion de' Pazzi.
31 The Giants, Nimrod, Ephialtes, and Antaeus. Descent to Cocytus.
30 Other Falsifiers or Forgers. Gianni Schicchi, Myrrha, Adam of Brescia, Potiphar's Wife, and Sinon of Troy.
29 Geri del Bello. The Tenth Bolgia: Alchemists. Griffolino d' Arezzo and Capocchino.
28 The Ninth Bolgia: Schismatics. Mahomet and Ali. Pier da Medicina, Curio, Mosca, and Bertrand de Born.
27 Guido da Montefeltro. His deception by Pope Boniface VIII.
26 The Eighth Bolgia: Evil Counsellors. Ulysses and Diomed. Ulysses' Last Voyage.
25 Vanni Fucci's Punishment. Agnello Brunelleschi, Buoso degli Abati, Puccio Sciancato, Cianfa de' Donati, and Guercio Cavalcanti.
24 The Seventh Bolgia: Thieves. Vanni Fucci. Serpents.
23 Escape from the Malabranche. The Sixth Bolgia: Hypocrites. Catalano and Loderingo. Caiaphas.
22 Ciampolo, Friar Gomita, and Michael Zanche. The Malabranche quarrel.
21 The Fifth Bolgia: Peculators. The Elder of Santa Zita. Malacoda and other Devils.
20 The Fourth Bolgia: Soothsayers. Amphiaraus, Tiresias, Aruns, Manto, Eryphylus, Michael Scott, Guido Bonatti, and Asdente. Virgil reproaches Dante's Pity. Mantua's Foundation.
19 The Third Bolgia: Simoniacs. Pope Nicholas III. Dante's Reproof of corrupt Prelates.
18 The Eighth Circle, Malebolge: The Fraudulent and the Malicious. The First Bolgia: Seducers and Panders. Venedico Caccianimico. Jason. The Second Bolgia: Flatterers. Allessio Interminelli. Thais.
17 Geryon. The Violent against Art. Usurers. Descent into the Abyss of Malebolge.
16 Guidoguerra, Aldobrandi, and Rusticucci. Cataract of the River of Blood.
15 The Violent against Nature. Brunetto Latini.
14 The Sand Waste and the Rain of Fire. The Violent against God. Capaneus. The Statue of Time, and the Four Infernal Rivers.
13 The Wood of Thorns. The Harpies. The Violent against themselves. Suicides. Pier della Vigna. Lano and Jacopo da Sant' Andrea.
12 The Minotaur. The Seventh Circle: The Violent. The River Phlegethon. The Violent against their Neighbours. The Centaurs. Tyrants.
11 The Broken Rocks. Pope Anastasius. General Description of the Inferno and its Divisions.
10 Farinata and Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti. Discourse on the Knowledge of the Damned.
9 The Furies and Medusa. The Angel. The City of Dis. The Sixth Circle: Heresiarchs.
8 Phlegyas. Philippo Argenti. The Gate of the City of Dis.
7 The Fourth Circle: The Avaricious and the Prodigal. Plutus. Fortune and her Wheel. The Fifth Circle: The Irascible and the Sullen. Styx.
6 The Third Circle: The Gluttonous. Cerberus. The Eternal Rain. Ciacco. Florence.
5 The Second Circle: The Wanton. Minos. The Infernal Hurricane. Francesca da Rimini.
4 The First Circle, Limbo: Virtuous Pagans and the Unbaptized. The Four Poets, Homer, Horace, Ovid, and Lucan. The Noble Castle of Philosophy.
3 The Gate of Hell. The Inefficient or Indifferent. Pope Celestine V. The Shores of Acheron. Charon. The Earthquake and the Swoon.
2 The Descent. Dante's Protest and Virgil's Appeal. The Intercession of the Three Ladies Benedight.
1 The Dark Forest. The Hill of Difficulty. The Panther, the Lion, and the Wolf. Virgil.
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