My Italian Chapter 358

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In the Italian government's budget in 1896, the Ministry of Education was the big winner. Of course, apart from the Ministry of Education, other departments have their own gains.

But anyway, in 1896 the Italian budget reached a new high, with a total of 1.756 billion lire. Among them, military expenditure is still the largest category, and 371 million liras is the largest category of budget.

Of course, in this first category, the Navy's funding has also hit a new high, and the cost of 179 million liras is very good. Of course, this fee also includes the allocation for the first year of the five-year shipbuilding plan. Even after deducting it, the Navy has 115 million liras.

For these costs, the cost of living salaries for naval personnel is 47.1 million liras. Then there are training and maintenance costs, which the Navy spends at 34.1 million lire. Then there are the three phases of equipment purchase costs, engineering construction costs and scientific research funding, with a total cost of 33.8 million liras.

Among them, engineering construction costs and scientific research funds occupy the bulk of them. Equipment procurement costs are also affected by the shipbuilding plan, mainly the update of warship equipment. As for the procurement of new warships, it is directly merged into the five-year shipbuilding plan. .

Well, in fact, compared with the navy, which is active in all aspects, the bulk of military spending is still the army.

However, don't look at too much army funding, but it can still only be considered a hand in hand.

First of all, there are more army personnel. Even if the army salary is very low, it is still a lot of expenses. The annual living salary of 63.1 million liras is not less than a cent.

In addition to this personnel cost, its training and maintenance cost is also 52.4 million liras. Then there are three things: equipment purchase cost, engineering construction cost and scientific research funding.

However, compared with the navy, the army is the absolute largest in equipment procurement costs, accounting for as much as 51.2 million of the 76.5 million lire.

Such a high procurement cost for the army is also necessary, according to the 1895 Italian army establishment plan formulated by the chief of the general staff, General Simeone. Each army division in Italy needs 72 guns of various types. At present, the 24 divisions of the Italian Army need 1,700 artillery pieces. In addition, the army also has six independent heavy artillery regiments, each of which is equipped with 24-52 large-caliber artillery pieces, which is more than 200 large-caliber artillery pieces. .

If you add the fixed artillery of the fortress and the level, then the actual artillery demand of the Italian Army is more than 2,400.

So does Italy currently have 2400 artillery pieces?

In fact, there are, and not only are they exceeding the standard.

However, the number of over-standard artillery pieces of the Italian Army is actually more than the over-standard artillery pieces that do not meet the requirements.

At present, it has entered the era of rapid-fire guns. The army of various countries is scrambling to replace the rapid-fire guns. As a member of the great powers, the Italian army is of course unwilling to lag behind.

And this artillery is expensive, and it is not easy to replace it in a short time.

Moreover, the Italian Army has other thoughts in it, and the replacement of this gun is even slower.

In recent years, the Italian Army has frequently communicated with Germany and Austria, and the scale of the exercise confrontation is also getting bigger and bigger, and there is already a military-level confrontation.

The Italian Army has benefited a lot from the exercise and confrontation, and corrected many of the problems found. But there is one problem that requires a lot of work, and that is the problem of artillery.

In many exercises, the small and medium-sized artillery of the Italian army was completely crushed by the large-caliber artillery of the German army.

Whether it is power or range, most of the artillery equipped by the Italian Army is slightly inferior.

This is indeed the case. At present, the first-level artillery of the Italian Army Division is mainly 76mm mountain and field artillery, and there are also a small amount of 80mm and 57mm artillery. The German division level is 77mm field gun and 105mm howitzer. At the division level, the quality of Italian artillery is completely defeated. As for the army-level Italian gap, the 105mm howitzer and 120mm cannon are equally difficult to match the German 150mm and 120mm artillery.

And considering that the main imaginary enemy of the German army is the French army, the Italian army with the same goal must make some changes.

The General Staff led by Admiral Simeone did have this idea. In view of the fact that the large number of artillery calibers in the army is not conducive to logistical considerations, they first determined the requirement of uniform artillery calibers. 37mm, 57mm, 76mm, 105mm, 120mm, 150mm, 210mm, 240mm, these calibers will be used as the caliber unified standard for Italian Army artillery.

As for artillery of other calibers in the army, in principle, try to replace them as much as possible. These replaced artillery can be sold to other countries for use.

Of course, the goal of making a unified caliber is to enhance the combat effectiveness of the army, so in Admiral Simone's plan, the army needs to eliminate 57mm from the division-level artillery and increase the demand for 18 105mm howitzers in a battalion. Also at the corps level, the 105mm artillery can be devolved to the division and the 150mm caliber artillery can be added.

Of course, in addition to the enhancement of artillery, Simone and the others considered the current military needs and believed that a defensive weapon such as the Maxim machine gun needed to be equipped with more, so a battalion of 4 is very reasonable. In addition, considering the pressure on logistics due to the enhancement of artillery and other technical weapons, the number of logistics personnel has also been increased by a certain amount of personnel and animal-powered vehicles.

And this division to enhance firepower and logistics personnel is the 1895 preparation division identified by Simeone.

However, to complete the replacement of all Italian divisions and corps, the army's military expenditure is simply not enough.

My family knows their own affairs, so the General Staff and the Ministry of the Army intend to use 2-3 corps and their subordinate divisions as pilots to test the combat effectiveness of the Italian army with this heavy firepower standard.

Of course, the cost of such troops will not be too low. After all, the factory cost of a 105mm quick-firing grenade cannon is as high as 150,000 lire, not to mention the bullet gun is not cheap. A 105mm high-explosive shell needs 206 lire. The purchase fee can't buy much. But no matter what~www.mtlnovel.com~, this also represents a transformation of the Italian Army, which is no longer satisfied with the conservative thinking based on homeland defense, and wants to pursue the idea of ​​defending the enemy outside the country.

Of course, the development of the Italian Army is a good thing.

In addition to the second-ranked education budget and the first-ranked military budget, the third-ranked is the Ministry of Transportation. As the department mainly responsible for Italian transportation planning and construction, it received a budget of 268 million lire.

Although Italy is relatively developed in shipping due to its terrain, it will not forget the construction of roads on land. At present, the Italian Ministry of Transport has repaired railways to major regions.

But in addition to railways, ordinary roads also need to be repaired and maintained. Examples include cobblestone roads that connect towns, compacted cinder roads and asphalt roads that connect cities. Of course, these are just a little bit, and the expansion of various ports is also among them. At present, the Italian economy is developing very well, so the demand for terminal throughput is relatively high. Therefore, many terminals in Italy have been expanded to meet the increasing cargo throughput.

In addition, there are many things that the Ministry of Transport needs to pay attention to, such as the maintenance of the Libyan iron ore railway and the maintenance of the Kosovo coal railway. These two heavy freight railways are very important to the Italian steel industry and require more attention from the transport department.

The Italian Ministry of Transport has a lot of funds, and there are also many other departments, such as the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Industry, the Trade Department, etc., the expenditure of these departments constitutes the composition of the Italian government budget in 1896.

Of course, the government needs to refer to the fiscal revenue of the previous year when designing the budget, so what was the total fiscal revenue of Italy in 1895?

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